In this work, a microwave–enhanced air–assisted liquid–liquid microextraction method combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry has been developed for morphine and oxymorphone assessment in EBC samples. For this purpose, choline chloride-menthol-phenylacetic acid deep eutectic solvent (as an extraction solvent), butyl chloroformate (as a derivatization agent), and picoline (as a catalyst) are used. After performing predetermined extraction cycles in the microextraction method, the obtained cloudy solution is exposed to microwave irradiations to enhance extraction and derivatization efficiencies. The method provided low limits of detection (morphine 2.1 and oxymorphone 1.5 ng mL^-1) and quantification (morphine 7.2 and oxymorphone 5.2 ng mL^-1) in the EBC samples. The method had proper repeatability, accuracy, and stability expressed as relative standard deviations less than 5.1, 9, and 9%, respectively. The developed method was successfully used to determine morphine and oxymorphone concentrations in the EBC samples of addict patients.

在这项工作中，开发了一种微波增强的空气辅助液-液微萃取方法与气相色谱-质谱联用，用于评估EBC样品中的吗啡和羟吗啡酮。为此，使用胆碱氯化物-薄荷醇-苯乙酸深的低共熔溶剂（作为萃取溶剂），氯甲酸丁酯（作为衍生剂）和甲基吡啶（作为催化剂）。在微萃取方法中执行预定的萃取循环后，将获得的浑浊溶液暴露于微波辐射下，以提高萃取和衍生化效率。该方法提供了低检测限（吗啡2.1和羟吗啡酮1.5 ng mL ^-1）和定量（吗啡7.2和羟吗啡酮5.2 ng mL ^-1））在EBC样本中。该方法具有适当的可重复性，准确性和稳定性，分别表示为相对标准偏差小于5.1％，9％和9％。所开发的方法已成功用于测定成瘾患者EBC样品中的吗啡和羟吗啡酮浓度。