Abstract A new era of electricity is dawning that combines the decarbonization of the grid with the extensive electrification of all sectors of society. A grid as smart as the internet is needed to harness the full potential of renewables, accommodate technology disruptions, embrace the rise of prosumers, and seamlessly integrate nano-, mini-, and micro-grids. The internet is built upon a layered architecture that facilitates technology innovations, and its intelligence is distributed throughout a hierarchy of networks. Herein, we examine fundamental differences between data flows and power flows. The current operating paradigm of the grid is based on the conviction that a centralized grid operator is necessary to maintain instantaneous power balance on the grid. A new distributed paradigm can be realized by distributing this responsibility to sub-grids and requiring each sub-grid to maintain its net power balance. We present a grid as smart as the internet based on this new paradigm, along with a hierarchical network structure and a layered architecture of operating principles.

中文翻译：

---

像互联网一样智能的电网

摘要 一个新的电力时代正在来临，它将电网的脱碳与社会各界的广泛电气化相结合。需要像互联网一样智能的电网来利用可再生能源的全部潜力，适应技术中断，迎接产消者的兴起，并无缝整合纳米、微型和微型电网。互联网建立在促进技术创新的分层架构上，其智能分布在整个网络层次结构中。在这里，我们检查数据流和功率流之间的根本区别。当前的电网运行范式基于这样一种信念，即需要一个集中的电网运营商来维持电网的瞬时功率平衡。通过将这一责任分配给子电网并要求每个子电网保持其净功率平衡，可以实现一种新的分布式范式。我们提出了一个基于这种新范式的与互联网一样智能的网格，以及分层的网络结构和操作原则的分层架构。