Abstract In spite of the outstanding benefits provided via phasor measurement units (PMUs) to smart grids in the field of wide area protection, they increase the cost of the infrastructure. Based on PMU location and system topology, subsets of buses and lines are formed representing backup protection zones (BPZs). This paper introduces a proposed criterion to overcome the shortage in formulating the BPZs. Also, this paper presents a proposed framework to define the optimal PMU locations regarding wide area BPZs. The framework is expressed as a multi-objective function, which aims to enhance the system observability, increase the number of transmission lines belonging to BPZs and increase the BPZ threshold sensitivity. The genetic algorithm technique (GA) is used to obtain the optimal locations of PMUs for different cases. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is evaluated by investigating the 14-bus IEEE standard system for different cases of fault location, type and resistance. Furthermore, the 39-bus system is considered for some cases as a larger system. The results show the possibility of enhancing the sensitivity of the BPZs of the system regarding optimal PMU locations.

中文翻译：

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输电线路高灵敏度广域后备保护方案的PMU优化配置

摘要 尽管相量测量单元 (PMU) 在广域保护领域为智能电网提供了显着的好处，但它们增加了基础设施的成本。根据 PMU 位置和系统拓扑，形成代表备用保护区 (BPZ) 的母线和线路子集。本文介绍了一个建议的标准，以克服制定 BPZ 的不足。此外，本文提出了一个建议的框架来定义关于广域 BPZ 的最佳 PMU 位置。该框架表示为多目标函数，旨在增强系统可观察性，增加属于 BPZ 的传输线数量并增加 BPZ 阈值灵敏度。遗传算法技术 (GA) 用于获得不同情况下 PMU 的最佳位置。通过针对不同的故障位置、类型和电阻情况研究 14 总线 IEEE 标准系统来评估所提出框架的有效性。此外，在某些情况下，39 总线系统被认为是一个更大的系统。结果显示了提高系统 BPZ 对最佳 PMU 位置的敏感性的可能性。