The research of the wear of a punch used to forge a cover-type forging proved a dominance of different destructive mechanisms in the particular areas of the tools. The preliminary analysis, based on many years of verified experience of the authors, showed that, in most of the working part of the forging tool, especially in flat front area, there are various degradation mechanisms, such as: thermo-mechanical fatigue, plastic deformation and material spalling, which are critical and whose share is difficult to estimate. While in the different working surface of this tool, like in radii, it can be assumed that the dominant mechanism of destruction is only abrasive wear. In both of these areas, the loss of the material was dependent on the contact conditions (the main are: stresses, temperature, friction and lubrication conditions) between the forged material and the tool, as well as the geometry of both. The obtained analysis outcomes have been confirmed for tools after forging: 6000, 9000 and 12,000 forgings; for each number of cycles, three tools were used to ensure repeatability of the operating results. The progressing geometry change of the tools as effect of material loss (determined by repeatedly by verified the 3D reverse scanning method) was presented in the form of a diagram, depending on the number of the forged elements, which resembles the classic (Lorentz) wear curve for flat front area and an almost linear wear curve for radii area with only abrasive wear. The research perfomed by means of numerical modeling confirmed that, in the last period of the tools’ operation, a drop of wear intensity is visible.

对用于锻造覆盖型锻件的冲头的磨损的研究证明，在工具的特定区域中，不同的破坏机制占主导地位。根据作者多年的验证经验进行的初步分析表明，在锻造工具的大部分工作部件中，特别是在平坦的前部区域，存在多种降解机制，例如：热机械疲劳，塑性变形和材料剥落非常重要，并且其份额难以估算。虽然在该工具的不同工作表面上（例如在半径方向上），可以假定破坏的主要机理只是磨料磨损。在这两个区域中，材料的损耗均取决于接触条件（主要是：应力，温度，锻造材料和工具之间的摩擦和润滑条件，以及两者的几何形状。对于锻造后的工具，已确认获得的分析结果：6000、9000和12,000锻件；对于每个循环数，使用了三个工具来确保操作结果的可重复性。根据材料损失的影响，工具逐渐进行的几何变化（通过反复验证3D反向扫描方法确定）以图表的形式呈现，具体取决于锻造元素的数量，类似于经典（洛伦兹）磨损曲线用于平坦的前部区域，几乎是线性的磨损曲线，用于半径区域，仅具有磨料磨损。通过数值模型进行的研究证实，在工具运行的最后阶段，磨损强度会下降。