Abstract —Electric heating of hives can be employed to help bee colonies survive cold snaps and minimize honey consumption by bee clusters. However, since our understanding of behavioral patterns of winter bee clusters is limited, this sometimes leads to the death of a colony or induces elevated honey consumption. In this work, the physical processes within the hive environment were modeled using Comsol software version 5.3. The simulation was carried out for a fixed outdoor temperature with variable heater power, as well as for a fixed heater power and variable ambient temperature. Analysis of thermograms indicated that with an operating heating device, the warmest zone shifted to the lower part of the winter cluster, which is biologically plausible. It was also shown that the use of the heaters increased the volume of warm air within a hive, providing the bees with a better opportunity to access new food reserves, which is especially important in the spring. The simulation demonstrated that in a heated hive energy output by the bees at low temperatures decreased from 3600 to 1900 W/m 3 , that is, by nearly two times. This decrease in the energy output is certain to diminish honey consumption. Simulation was also employed to optimize the power input to the heaters using the criteria of minimum temperature fluctuations within the hive and prevention of heater surface overheating.

中文翻译：

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电加热蜂箱中的热物理过程建模

摘要 — 蜂巢的电加热可用于帮助蜂群在寒流中生存，并最大限度地减少蜂群对蜂蜜的消耗。然而，由于我们对冬蜂群行为模式的了解有限，这有时会导致蜂群死亡或导致蜂蜜消耗量增加。在这项工作中，蜂巢环境中的物理过程使用 Comsol 软件 5.3 版进行建模。模拟是针对固定室外温度和可变加热器功率，以及固定加热器功率和可变环境温度进行的。热谱图分析表明，在加热装置运行的情况下，最温暖的区域转移到冬季集群的下部，这在生物学上是合理的。还表明，使用加热器会增加蜂巢内的暖空气量，为蜜蜂提供更好的机会获取新的食物储备，这在春季尤为重要。模拟表明，在低温下蜜蜂在加热的蜂巢中输出的能量从 3600 降至 1900 W/m 3 ，即降低了近两倍。能量输出的这种减少肯定会减少蜂蜜的消耗。还使用模拟来优化加热器的功率输入，使用蜂巢内的最小温度波动和防止加热器表面过热的标准。能量输出的这种减少肯定会减少蜂蜜的消耗。还使用模拟来优化加热器的功率输入，使用蜂巢内的最小温度波动和防止加热器表面过热的标准。能量输出的这种减少肯定会减少蜂蜜的消耗。还使用模拟来优化加热器的功率输入，使用蜂巢内最小温度波动和防止加热器表面过热的标准。