The comparison of inter-population quantitative variation and neutral variation based on molecular markers (Q_ST − F_ST) has been extensively used to infer the influence of different selection forces on potentially adaptive traits. Only recently have studies focused on two levels of inter-population genetic structuring: among regions (or groups) and among subpopulations within groups. This work aimed to compare quantitative and molecular variation within these two hierarchical levels for Hancornia speciosa Gomes, a fruit tree species that is native to the Brazilian Cerrado. Six quantitative traits related to initial plant growth were evaluated in a common garden environment using samples from 57 maternal families (treatments) derived from 29 subpopulations within four botanical varieties. The quantitative divergence among the botanical varieties (Q_GT) and among the subpopulations within varieties (Q_SG) for each trait were compared with the corresponding neutral variation (F_GT and F_SG) obtained based on six microsatellite loci using a parametric bootstrap procedure. The molecular results revealed a low degree of divergence among the botanical varieties and significant structuring among the subpopulations within varieties. The estimates of the quantitative divergence among the varieties (Q_GT) tended to be greater than the divergence among the subpopulations within varieties (Q_SG) for five out of the six quantitative traits. The comparison between the quantitative and molecular parameters suggests that divergent selection shaped the genetic structure among the botanical varieties for some traits, while the variation among the subpopulations within varieties was influenced by genetic drift and uniform selection.

基于分子标记（Q _ST  -  F _ST）的种群间定量变异与中性变异的比较已被广泛用于推断不同选择力对潜在适应性状的影响。直到最近，研究才关注种群间遗传结构的两个层次：区域（或群体）之间以及群体内的亚种群之间。这项工作旨在比较汉肯氏菌在这两个层次级别内的定量和分子变异Gomes是巴西Cerrado的一种果树。在一个常见的花园环境中，使用来自四个植物品种中29个亚种群的57个母系家庭（处理）的样品，评估了与初始植物生长相关的6个数量性状。比较了植物学品种（Q _GT）和品种内亚群（Q _SG）各性状的数量差异与相应的中性变异（F _GT和F _SG）。）是使用参数自举程序基于六个微卫星基因座获得的。分子结果表明植物品种之间的差异程度低，品种内亚群之间的结构显着。对于六个定量性状中的五个而言，对品种间数量差异的估计（Q _GT）往往大于对品种内子群体之间的差异（Q _SG）。定量和分子参数之间的比较表明，发散选择影响了某些性状在植物品种间的遗传结构，而品种内亚群之间的变异则受遗传漂移和均匀选择的影响。