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Modeling the role of macrophages in HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy.
Journal of Mathematical Biology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-24 , DOI: 10.1007/s00285-020-01513-x
Ting Guo 1, 2 , Zhipeng Qiu 1 , Libin Rong 2
Affiliation  

HIV preferentially infects activated CD4+ T cells. Current antiretroviral therapy cannot eradicate the virus. Viral infection of other cells such as macrophages may contribute to viral persistence during antiretroviral therapy. In addition to cell-free virus infection, macrophages can also get infected when engulfing infected CD4+ T cells as innate immune sentinels. How macrophages affect the dynamics of HIV infection remains unclear. In this paper, we develop an HIV model that includes the infection of CD4+ T cells and macrophages via cell-free virus infection and cell-to-cell viral transmission. We derive the basic reproduction number and obtain the local and global stability of the steady states. Sensitivity and viral dynamics simulations show that even when the infection of CD4+ T cells is completely blocked by therapy, virus can still persist and the steady-state viral load is not sensitive to the change of treatment efficacy. Analysis of the relative contributions to viral replication shows that cell-free virus infection leads to the majority of macrophage infection. Viral transmission from infected CD4+ T cells to macrophages during engulfment accounts for a small fraction of the macrophage infection and has a negligible effect on the total viral production. These results suggest that macrophage infection can be a source contributing to HIV persistence during suppressive therapy. Improving drug efficacies in heterogeneous target cells is crucial for achieving HIV eradication in infected individuals.



中文翻译:

模拟巨噬细胞在抗逆转录病毒治疗过程中对HIV持久性的作用。

HIV优先感染活化的CD4 + T细胞。当前的抗逆转录病毒疗法不能根除该病毒。其他细胞(例如巨噬细胞)的病毒感染可能会导致抗逆转录病毒疗法期间的病毒持久性。除无细胞病毒感染外,巨噬细胞在吞噬被感染的CD4 + T细胞作为先天免疫前哨时也会被感染。巨噬细胞如何影响HIV感染的动力学尚不清楚。在本文中,我们开发了一种HIV模型,其中包括通过无细胞病毒感染和细胞间病毒传播来感染CD4 + T细胞和巨噬细胞。我们得出基本的繁殖数,并获得稳态的局部和全局稳定性。敏感性和病毒动力学模拟表明,即使CD4 + T细胞的感染被治疗完全阻断,病毒仍然可以持续存在,并且稳态病毒载量对治疗效果的变化不敏感。对病毒复制的相对贡献的分析表明,无细胞病毒感染导致大多数巨噬细胞感染。吞噬期间从感染的CD4 + T细胞到巨噬细胞的病毒传播占巨噬细胞感染的一小部分,对总病毒产量的影响可忽略不计。这些结果表明,巨噬细胞感染可能是抑制疗法期间艾滋病毒持久性的来源。改善异种靶细胞中的药物功效对于在感染者中实现消除HIV至关重要。对病毒复制的相对贡献的分析表明,无细胞病毒感染导致大多数巨噬细胞感染。吞噬期间从感染的CD4 + T细胞到巨噬细胞的病毒传播占巨噬细胞感染的一小部分,对总病毒产量的影响可忽略不计。这些结果表明,巨噬细胞感染可能是抑制疗法期间艾滋病毒持久性的来源。改善异种靶细胞中的药物功效对于在感染者中实现消除HIV至关重要。对病毒复制的相对贡献的分析表明,无细胞病毒感染导致大多数巨噬细胞感染。吞噬期间从感染的CD4 + T细胞到巨噬细胞的病毒传播占巨噬细胞感染的一小部分,对总病毒产量的影响可忽略不计。这些结果表明,巨噬细胞感染可能是抑制疗法期间艾滋病毒持久性的来源。改善异种靶细胞中的药物功效对于在感染者中实现消除HIV至关重要。这些结果表明,巨噬细胞感染可能是抑制疗法期间艾滋病毒持久性的来源。改善异种靶细胞中的药物功效对于在感染者中实现消除HIV至关重要。这些结果表明,巨噬细胞感染可能是抑制疗法期间艾滋病毒持久性的来源。改善异质靶细胞中的药物功效对于在感染者中实现消除HIV至关重要。

更新日期:2020-06-25
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