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Evaluating upward trends in groundwater nitrate concentrations: an example in an alluvial plain of the Campania region (Southern Italy)
Environmental Earth Sciences ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s12665-020-09062-8
Daniela Ducci , Renata Della Morte , Adolfo Mottola , Giuseppe Onorati , Giovanni Pugliano

To achieve the objectives of the Water Framework Directive’s, the identification and reversal of significant upward trends in pollutant concentrations in groundwater is crucial. A statistically significant increase in a pollutant, groups of pollutants or pollution indicators in groundwater bodies, means an upward trend in concentration values, calculated using a recognized statistical method, at least 90% significant. Following this aim, we focused on a groundwater body of southern Italy, with high concentration of nitrate and, therefore, defined “at risk”, on the basis of its bad quality status. In this area, we calculated the trends of the time series of nitrate concentrations in groundwater. We described the adopted procedure for trend analysis, following the guidelines proposed by the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA). We used the Mann–Kendall method for calculating the statistical significance of the upward trend of time series and, successively, the Sen method for estimating the value of the trend (angular coefficient). We applied these methods also to forecast nitrate concentrations in groundwater in 2021 and in 2027. We found differences in the sampling stations in terms of groundwater quality and trends, as a result of different environmental factors. Peculiarly, the location of the wells presenting upward trends seems to be in areas with high population density and intensive agriculture.

中文翻译:

评价地下水硝酸盐浓度的上升趋势:以坎帕尼亚地区(意大利南部)的冲积平原为例

为了实现《水框架指令》的目标,识别和逆转地下水中污染物浓度的显着上升趋势至关重要。地下水体中污染物,污染物组或污染指标的统计学显着增加是指采用公认的统计方法计算出的浓度值呈上升趋势,至少有90%显着。为了实现这一目标,我们集中研究了意大利南部的地下水体,其中硝酸盐的浓度很高,因此根据其劣质状态将其定义为“有风险”。在该区域,我们计算了地下水中硝酸盐浓度的时间序列趋势。我们描述了趋势分析采用的程序,遵循意大利环境保护和研究所(ISPRA)提出的指南。我们使用Mann–Kendall方法来计算时间序列上升趋势的统计显着性,并依次使用Sen方法来估计趋势值(角度系数)。我们还应用了这些方法来预测2021年和2027年地下水中的硝酸盐浓度。由于环境因素的不同,我们发现采样站的地下水质量和趋势存在差异。特别地,井的位置呈现出上升趋势,似乎是在人口密度高和农业集约化的地区。Sen方法估计趋势值(角度系数)。我们还应用了这些方法来预测2021年和2027年地下水中的硝酸盐浓度。由于环境因素的不同,我们发现采样站的地下水质量和趋势存在差异。特别地,井的位置呈现出上升趋势,似乎是在人口密度高和农业集约化的地区。Sen方法估计趋势值(角度系数)。我们还应用了这些方法来预测2021年和2027年地下水中的硝酸盐浓度。由于环境因素的不同,我们发现采样站的地下水质量和趋势存在差异。特别地,井的位置呈现出上升趋势,似乎是在人口密度高和农业集约化的地区。
更新日期:2020-06-25
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