Measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) is crucial in the management of many neurological conditions. However, due to the invasiveness, high cost, and required expertise of available ICP monitoring techniques, many patients who could benefit from ICP monitoring do not receive it. As a result, there has been a substantial effort to explore and develop novel noninvasive ICP monitoring techniques to improve the overall clinical care of patients who may be suffering from ICP disorders. This review attempts to summarize the general pathophysiology of ICP, discuss the importance and current state of ICP monitoring, and describe the many methods that have been proposed for noninvasive ICP monitoring. These noninvasive methods can be broken down into four major categories: fluid dynamic, otic, ophthalmic, and electrophysiologic. Each category is discussed in detail along with its associated techniques and their advantages, disadvantages, and reported accuracy. A particular emphasis in this review will be dedicated to methods based on the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound. At present, it appears that the available noninvasive methods are either not sufficiently accurate, reliable, or robust enough for widespread clinical adoption or require additional independent validation. However, several methods appear promising and through additional study and clinical validation, could eventually make their way into clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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综述：颅内高压的病理生理学和无创颅内压监测

颅内压 (ICP) 测量对于许多神经系统疾病的治疗至关重要。然而，由于现有 ICP 监测技术的侵入性、高成本以及所需的专业知识，许多本来可以从 ICP 监测中受益的患者却没有接受该技术。因此，人们付出了大量努力来探索和开发新型无创 ICP 监测技术，以改善可能患有 ICP 疾病的患者的整体临床护理。本综述试图总结 ICP 的一般病理生理学，讨论 ICP 监测的重要性和现状，并描述已提出的许多无创 ICP 监测方法。这些非侵入性方法可分为四大类：流体动力学、耳科、眼科和电生理学。详细讨论了每个类别及其相关技术及其优点、缺点和报告的准确性。本次综述将特别强调基于经颅多普勒超声的使用方法。目前，可用的非侵入性方法要么不够准确、可靠，要么不够稳健，无法广泛应用于临床，或者需要额外的独立验证。然而，有几种方法似乎很有前景，通过额外的研究和临床验证，最终可能会进入临床实践。