The industrial vinegar residue (VR) from solid-state fermentation, mainly cereals and their bran, will be a potential feedstock for future biofuels because of their low cost and easy availability. However, utilization of VR for butanol production has not been as much optimized as other sources of lignocellulose, which mainly stem from two key elements: (i) high biomass recalcitrance to enzymatic sugar release; (ii) lacking of suitable industrial biobutanol production strain. Though steam explosion has been proved effective for bio-refinery, few studies report SE for VR pretreatment. Much of the relevant knowledge remains unknown. Meanwhile, recent efforts on rational metabolic engineering approaches to increase butanol production in Clostridium strain are quite limited. In this study, we assessed the impact of SE pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics, overall sugar recovery and applied atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutant method for the Clostridium strain development to solve the long-standing problem. SE pretreatment was first performed. At the optimal condition, 29.47% of glucan, 71.62% of xylan and 22.21% of arabinan were depolymerized and obtained in the water extraction. In the sequential enzymatic hydrolysis process, enzymatic hydrolysis rate was increased by 13-fold compared to the VR without pretreatment and 19.60 g glucose, 15.21 g xylose and 5.63 g arabinose can be obtained after the two-step treatment from 100 g VR. Porous properties analysis indicated that steam explosion can effectively generate holes with diameter within 10–20 nm. Statistical analysis proved that enzymatic hydrolysis rate of VR followed the Pseudop-second-order kinetics equation and the relationship between SE severity and enzymatic hydrolysis rate can be well revealed by Boltzmann model. Finally, a superior inhibitor-tolerant strain, Clostridium acetobutylicum Tust-001, was generated with ARTP treatment. The water extraction and enzymolysis liquid gathered were successfully fermented, resulting in butanol titer of 7.98 g/L and 12.59 g/L of ABE. SE proved to be quite effective for VR due to high fermentable sugar recovery and enzymatic hydrolysate fermentability. Inverse strategy employing ARTP and repetitive domestication for strain breeding is quite feasible, providing us with a new tool for solving the problem in the biofuel fields.

中文翻译：

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粮食醋渣生物转化丁醇优化汽爆预处理及高效细胞工厂的研制[J].

固态发酵产生的工业醋渣（VR），主要是谷物及其麸皮，由于成本低且易于获得，将成为未来生物燃料的潜在原料。然而，VR 用于丁醇生产的利用并没有像其他木质纤维素来源那样优化，这主要源于两个关键因素：（i）对酶促糖释放的高生物质抗性；(ii) 缺乏合适的工业生物丁醇生产菌株。尽管蒸汽爆破已被证明对生物精炼厂有效，但很少有研究报告 SE 用于 VR 预处理。许多相关知识仍然未知。同时，最近在合理的代谢工程方法上增加梭菌菌株丁醇产量的努力非常有限。在这项研究中，我们评估了 SE 预处理的影响，酶水解动力学、整体糖回收和应用常温和室温等离子体 (ARTP) 突变体方法用于梭状芽胞杆菌菌株的开发，以解决长期存在的问题。首先进行 SE 预处理。在最佳条件下,水提解聚得到29.47%的葡聚糖、71.62%的木聚糖和22.21%的阿拉伯聚糖。在顺序酶解过程中，酶解速率比未经预处理的 VR 提高了 13 倍，从 100 g VR 经两步处理后可得到 19.60 g 葡萄糖、15.21 g 木糖和 5.63 g 阿拉伯糖。孔隙特性分析表明，蒸汽爆破可以有效地产生直径在10-20 nm范围内的孔洞。统计分析表明，VR的酶解速率遵循Pseudop-二级动力学方程，并且可以通过Boltzmann模型很好地揭示SE严重程度与酶解速率之间的关系。最后，通过ARTP处理产生了一种优越的抑制剂耐受菌株丙酮丁醇梭菌Tust-001。收集到的水提酶解液发酵成功，丁醇滴度为7.98 g/L，ABE为12.59 g/L。由于高可发酵糖回收率和酶水解物发酵能力，SE 被证明对 VR 非常有效。采用ARTP和重复驯化进行菌株育种的逆策略是非常可行的，为我们解决生物燃料领域的问题提供了新的工具。