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Impacts of Modifiable Factors on Ambient Air Pollution: A Case Study of COVID-19 Shutdowns
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00365 Rebecca Tanzer-Gruener 1 , Jiayu Li 1 , S Rose Eilenberg 1 , Allen L Robinson 1 , Albert A Presto 1
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00365 Rebecca Tanzer-Gruener 1 , Jiayu Li 1 , S Rose Eilenberg 1 , Allen L Robinson 1 , Albert A Presto 1
Affiliation
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COVID-19-related closures offered a novel opportunity to observe and quantify the impact of activity levels of modifiable factors on ambient air pollution in real time. We use data from a network of low-cost Real-time Affordable Multi-Pollutant (RAMP) sensor packages deployed throughout Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, along with data from Environmental Protection Agency regulatory monitors. The RAMP locations were divided into four site groups based on land use. Concentrations of PM2.5, CO, and NO2 following the COVID-related closures at each site group were compared to measurements from “business-as-usual” periods. Overall, PM2.5 concentrations decreased across the domain by ∼3 μg/m3. The morning rush-hour-induced CO and NO2 concentrations at the high-traffic sites were both reduced by ∼50%, which is consistent with observed reductions in commuter traffic (∼50%). The morning rush-hour PM2.5 enhancement from traffic emissions was reduced nearly 100%, from 1.4 to ∼0 μg/m3 across all site groups. There was no significant change in the industry-related intraday variability of CO and PM2.5 at the industrial sites following the COVID-related closures. If PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are tightened, this natural experiment sheds light on the extent to which reductions in traffic-related emissions can aid in meeting more stringent regulations.
中文翻译：
可改变因素对环境空气污染的影响：以 COVID-19 停工为例
与 COVID-19 相关的关闭提供了一个新的机会来实时观察和量化可改变因素的活动水平对环境空气污染的影响。我们使用来自部署在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的低成本实时经济型多污染物 (RAMP) 传感器包网络的数据，以及来自环境保护局监管监视器的数据。RAMP 位置根据土地用途分为四个场地组。将每个站点组因新冠肺炎相关关闭后的PM 2.5、CO 和 NO 2浓度与“一切照常”期间的测量值进行比较。总体而言，整个区域的PM 2.5浓度下降了约 3 μg/m 3。早高峰引起的高交通流量站点的CO 和 NO 2浓度均降低了约 50%，这与观察到的通勤交通减少 (约 50%) 一致。所有站点组中，早高峰交通排放导致的 PM 2.5增强量减少了近 100%，从 1.4 µg/m 3 降至约 0 µg/m 3 。在因新冠疫情而关闭后，工业场所内与工业相关的 CO 和 PM 2.5的日内变化没有显着变化。如果 PM 2.5国家环境空气质量标准 (NAAQS) 更加严格，这一自然实验将揭示减少交通相关排放可以在多大程度上帮助满足更严格的法规。
更新日期：2020-08-11
中文翻译：
可改变因素对环境空气污染的影响：以 COVID-19 停工为例
与 COVID-19 相关的关闭提供了一个新的机会来实时观察和量化可改变因素的活动水平对环境空气污染的影响。我们使用来自部署在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的低成本实时经济型多污染物 (RAMP) 传感器包网络的数据，以及来自环境保护局监管监视器的数据。RAMP 位置根据土地用途分为四个场地组。将每个站点组因新冠肺炎相关关闭后的PM 2.5、CO 和 NO 2浓度与“一切照常”期间的测量值进行比较。总体而言，整个区域的PM 2.5浓度下降了约 3 μg/m 3。早高峰引起的高交通流量站点的CO 和 NO 2浓度均降低了约 50%，这与观察到的通勤交通减少 (约 50%) 一致。所有站点组中，早高峰交通排放导致的 PM 2.5增强量减少了近 100%，从 1.4 µg/m 3 降至约 0 µg/m 3 。在因新冠疫情而关闭后，工业场所内与工业相关的 CO 和 PM 2.5的日内变化没有显着变化。如果 PM 2.5国家环境空气质量标准 (NAAQS) 更加严格，这一自然实验将揭示减少交通相关排放可以在多大程度上帮助满足更严格的法规。
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