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Regional Carrying Capacities of Freshwater Consumption-Current Pressure and Its Sources.
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01544 Masaharu Motoshita 1 , Stephan Pfister 2 , Matthias Finkbeiner 3
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01544 Masaharu Motoshita 1 , Stephan Pfister 2 , Matthias Finkbeiner 3
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Sustainable freshwater management is an essential target for sustainability. The concept of planetary boundaries evaluates whether the environmental loads from humans are within the carrying capacity of the environment at a global level, while the region-specific assessment of carrying capacities of freshwater consumption can complement the global-scale sustainability assessment by shedding light on regional sustainability. We show that 24% of the total freshwater consumption exceeds the regional carrying capacities based on spatially and temporally explicit analysis (monthly data for around 11 000 watersheds). Although 19% of the current total freshwater consumption is determined as “luxury consumption” beyond basic needs, approximately 60% of the exceedance is attributed to basic needs of freshwater for sustaining human life. International trade alleviates the overall pressure on carrying capacity by approximately 4.8% (18.9 billion m3) at a global level through virtual water trade; however, several producer countries demonstrate additional overconsumption beyond the regional carrying capacities, while importer countries that can do so mitigate overconsumption. Appropriate irrigation water management and the location of crop production are the keys to maintain our freshwater consumption levels within the regional carrying capacities on a global scale. However, measures that necessitate the consideration of watershed-specific environmental and economic conditions are desirable.
中文翻译：
淡水消耗量-当前压力的区域承载力及其来源。
可持续的淡水管理是可持续发展的重要目标。行星边界的概念评估了人类的环境负荷是否在全球范围内的环境承受能力之内，而对区域的淡水消费承受能力的特定评估可以通过阐明区域范围来补充全球规模的可持续性评估。可持续性。根据空间和时间显式分析（约11 000个流域的月度数据），我们显示总淡水消耗量的24％超过了区域的承载能力。尽管当前淡水总消耗量的19％被确定为超出基本需求的“奢侈品消耗”，但其中约60％的消耗归因于维持人类生命所需的淡水基本需求。3）通过虚拟水贸易在全球范围内；但是，一些生产国显示出超出区域承载能力的额外过度消费，而进口国可以这样做以减轻过度消费。适当的灌溉水管理和农作物生产的位置，是在全球范围内将淡水消耗量保持在区域承载能力范围内的关键。但是，需要采取措施来考虑流域特定的环境和经济条件。
更新日期：2020-07-21
中文翻译：
淡水消耗量-当前压力的区域承载力及其来源。
可持续的淡水管理是可持续发展的重要目标。行星边界的概念评估了人类的环境负荷是否在全球范围内的环境承受能力之内，而对区域的淡水消费承受能力的特定评估可以通过阐明区域范围来补充全球规模的可持续性评估。可持续性。根据空间和时间显式分析（约11 000个流域的月度数据），我们显示总淡水消耗量的24％超过了区域的承载能力。尽管当前淡水总消耗量的19％被确定为超出基本需求的“奢侈品消耗”，但其中约60％的消耗归因于维持人类生命所需的淡水基本需求。3）通过虚拟水贸易在全球范围内；但是，一些生产国显示出超出区域承载能力的额外过度消费，而进口国可以这样做以减轻过度消费。适当的灌溉水管理和农作物生产的位置，是在全球范围内将淡水消耗量保持在区域承载能力范围内的关键。但是，需要采取措施来考虑流域特定的环境和经济条件。
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