The present study presented an integrated analytical approach to the Qur’anic manuscript with leather binding; the multianalyses revealed the degree of degradation for paper and leather in the current manuscript under the study, causing the mapping of treatment. The visual assessment detected yellowness in the internal papers, dark black spots, and advanced erosion in the leather bind. The result detected that this manuscript leads to yellowing and weakness in the properties of paper under the attack of acidity where the pH of paper reached 5.5. XRD and FTIR analyses of paper illustrated a dramatic decrease of crystallinity index with a notable increase of C=O stretching, respectively. The sharp increase of carbonyl group can be used as evidence of oxidation. The microscopic examination also showed that cotton was used in the manufacturing of the paper of the current manuscript, while the leather bind was made from goatskin. In addition, the cellulose and protein bundles were both destructive and disintegrated.

中文翻译：

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使用光谱方法记录和评估带有皮革装订的古纸手稿

本研究提出了一种对皮革装订古兰经手稿的综合分析方法；多重分析揭示了正在研究的当前手稿中纸张和皮革的降解程度，导致了处理的映射。目视评估检测到内部纸张发黄、黑色斑点和皮革装订处的高级腐蚀。结果检测到，该手稿在纸张pH值达到5.5的酸度侵蚀下导致纸张变黄和性能变弱。纸张的 XRD 和 FTIR 分析分别表明结晶度指数显着降低，而 C=O 拉伸显着增加。羰基的急剧增加可以作为氧化的证据。显微镜检查还表明，当前手稿的纸张使用了棉花，而皮革装订是用山羊皮制成的。此外，纤维素和蛋白质束都具有破坏性和分解性。