Urban Snowpack ClNO2 Production and Fate: A One-Dimensional Modeling Study,ACS Earth and Space Chemistry

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Urban Snowpack ClNO2 Production and Fate: A One-Dimensional Modeling Study
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-24 , DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00116
Siyuan Wang ₁ , Stephen M. McNamara ₁ , Katheryn R. Kolesar ₁ , Nathaniel W. May ₁ , Jose D. Fuentes ₂ , Ryan D. Cook ₁ , Matthew J. Gunsch ₁ , Claire N. Mattson ₁ , Rebecca S. Hornbrook ₃ , Eric C. Apel ₃ , Kerri A. Pratt _{1,

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Affiliation

Nitryl chloride (ClNO₂) is formed in urban areas from the multiphase reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide (N₂O₅) on chloride-containing surfaces. ClNO₂ undergoes photolysis to produce atomic chlorine (Cl^•), a strong atmospheric oxidant. While previous ClNO₂ studies have focused on atmospheric particulate chloride, the saline snowpack in locations impacted by sea spray and road salt usage represents an additional, potentially large, source of ClNO₂. Here, we present the first modeling study to explore the production of ClNO₂ from the inland urban snowpack. The coupled snowpack-atmospheric one-dimensional model is constrained to and evaluated by an array of ambient measurements in Ann Arbor, Michigan, during February 2016. The model predicts strong N₂O₅ deposition onto the snowpack, with ClNO₂ formation and release to the atmosphere at low temperatures (<∼260 K). However, at higher temperatures (>∼270 K), the ClNO₂ yield is low (e.g., 10%), with ClNO₂ undergoing hydrolysis on the snow grains, making the snowpack a net sink for ClNO₂. These results motivate measurements to quantify ClNO₂ production from the urban snowpack because of potential broader impacts on atmospheric composition and air quality.

中文翻译：

城市积雪ClNO _2的产生和命运：一维建模研究

五氧化二氮（N ₂ O ₅）在含氯表面上的多相反应在市区形成了氯化氯化镍（ClNO ₂）。ClNO ₂进行光解以产生强力的大气氧化剂原子氯（Cl ^•）。尽管先前的ClNO ₂研究集中于大气中的颗粒氯化物，但受海浪和道路盐的使用影响的地区的盐水积雪代表了额外的，可能很大的ClNO ₂来源。在这里，我们提出了第一个建模研究，以探索ClNO _2的产生来自内陆城市的积雪。耦合的积雪-大气一维模型受密歇根州安阿伯市一系列2016年2月的环境测量的约束和评估。该模型预测N ₂ O _5会在积雪上大量沉积，并产生ClNO ₂并释放到低温（<〜260 K）的大气中。然而，在较高的温度（>〜270 K）下，ClNO _2的收率较低（例如10％），ClNO ₂在雪粒上进行水解，使积雪成为ClNO ₂的净汇。这些结果激励测量以量化ClNO ₂ 由于可能对大气成分和空气质量产生更广泛的影响，因此需要从城市积雪堆中进行生产。

更新日期：2020-07-16

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