Abstract

Oxygen is of fundamental importance for most living organisms, and the maintenance of oxygen homeostasis is a key physiological challenge for all large animals. Oxygen deprivation, hypoxia, is a critical component of many human diseases including cancer, heart disease, stroke, vascular disease, and anaemia. The discovery of oxygen sensing provides fundamental knowledge of a stunningly elegant molecular machinery; it also promises development of new therapeutics for serious diseases such as cancer. As a result of their impressive contributions to our understanding of the mechanisms by which cells sense oxygen and signal in hypoxia, Gregg Semenza, Peter Ratcliffe, and William Kaelin were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2019.

摘要

氧气对大多数生物至关重要，而维持氧气稳态是所有大型动物面临的关键生理挑战。缺氧，缺氧是许多人类疾病（包括癌症，心脏病，中风，血管疾病和贫血）的重要组成部分。氧传感技术的发现提供了令人惊叹的优雅分子机械的基础知识。它还有望开发出针对癌症等严重疾病的新疗法。由于它们对理解细胞在缺氧中感知氧气和信号的机制做出的杰出贡献，Gregg Semenza，Peter Ratcliffe和William Kaelin在2019年获得了诺贝尔奖。