Objective: Insights to underlying neural mechanisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have emerged from neuroimaging research; however, the neural mechanisms that distinguish ADHD subtypes remain inconclusive.

Method: We reviewed 19 studies integrating magnetic resonance imaging [MRI; structural (sMRI), diffusion, functional MRI (fMRI)] findings into a framework exploring pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the combined (ADHD-C) and predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) ADHD subtypes.

Results: Despite equivocal structural MRI results, findings from fMRI and DTI imaging modalities consistently implicate disrupted connectivity in regions and tracts involving frontal striatal thalamic in ADHD-C and frontoparietal neural networks in ADHD-I. Alterations of the default mode, cerebellum, and motor networks in ADHD-C and cingulo-frontoparietal attention and visual networks in ADHD-I highlight network organization differences between subtypes.

Conclusion: Growing evidence from neuroimaging studies highlight neurobiological differences between ADHD clinical subtypes, particularly from a network perspective. Understanding brain network organization and connectivity may help us to better conceptualize the ADHD types and their symptom variability.

目的：从神经影像学研究中发现了对注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的潜在神经机制的见解。然而，区分多动症亚型的神经机制尚无定论。

方法：我们审查了19项结合磁共振成像[MRI; 结构（sMRI），扩散，功能MRI（fMRI）]的发现，探索了组合（ADHD-C）和主要是注意力不集中（ADHD-1）ADHD亚型的病理生理机制。

结果：尽管MRI的结果模棱两可，但fMRI和DTI成像方式的发现始终暗示着ADHD-C中涉及额叶纹状丘脑和ADHD-1中的额顶神经网络的区域和道的连接性破坏。ADHD-C中默认模式，小脑和运动网络的更改以及ADHD-1中扣带回额叶注意力和视觉网络的更改突出了子类型之间的网络组织差异。

结论：神经影像学研究的越来越多的证据凸显了ADHD临床亚型之间的神经生物学差异，尤其是从网络角度而言。了解大脑网络的组织和连通性可能有助于我们更好地概念化ADHD类型及其症状变异性。