Abstract The superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) is a quantum-limit superconducting optical detector based on the Cooper-pair breaking effect by a single photon, which exhibits a higher detection efficiency, lower dark count rate, higher counting rate, and lower timing jitter when compared with those exhibited by its counterparts. SNSPDs have been extensively applied in quantum information processing, including quantum key distribution and optical quantum computation. In this review, we present the requirements of single-photon detectors from quantum information, as well as the principle, key metrics, latest performance issues, and other issues associated with SNSPD. The representative applications of SNSPDs with respect to quantum information will also be covered.

中文翻译：

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用于量子信息的超导纳米线单光子探测器

摘要 超导纳米线单光子探测器（SNSPD）是一种基于单光子库珀对断裂效应的量子极限超导光学探测器，具有更高的探测效率、更低的暗计数率、更高的计数率和更低的与同行相比，时序抖动。SNSPDs已广泛应用于量子信息处理，包括量子密钥分配和光量子计算。在这篇综述中，我们从量子信息中介绍了单光子探测器的要求，以及与 SNSPD 相关的原理、关键指标、最新性能问题和其他问题。还将涵盖 SNSPD 在量子信息方面的代表性应用。