Losaria coon (Fabricius, 1793) is currently comprised of ten subspecies, which were originally described under two names, Papilio coon and P. doubledayi before 1909, when they were combined as one species. The main difference between them is the colour of abdomen and hindwing subterminal spots—yellow in coon and red in doubledayi. Wing morphology, male and female genitalia, and molecular evidence (DNA barcodes) were analysed for multiple subspecies of L. coon and three other Losaria species—rhodifer, neptunus, and palu. Our molecular data support the separation of L. coon and L. doubledayi stat. rev. as two distinct species, with L. rhodifer positioned between them in phylogenetic analyses. Wing morphology and genitalic structures also confirm the molecular conclusions. Our findings divide L. coon into two species occupying different geographic ranges: with L. coon restricted to southern Sumatra, Java, and Bawean Island, while L. doubledayi occurs widely in regions from North India to northern Sumatra, including Hainan and Nicobar Islands. Hence, future conservation efforts must reassess the status and threat factors of the two species to form updated strategies.

中文翻译：

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黄色和红色标记的棒尾洛萨里亚浣熊是同一物种吗？


Losaria coon (Fabricius, 1793) 目前由 10 个亚种组成，最初在 1909 年之前被描述为两个名称： Papilio coon和P. doubledayi ，当时它们被合并为一个物种。它们之间的主要区别在于腹部和后翅近端斑点的颜色——浣熊为黄色，双大翼为红色。对L. coon的多个亚种和其他三种Losaria物种（rhodifer 、 neptunus和palu ）的翅膀形态、雄性和雌性生殖器以及分子证据（DNA 条形码）进行了分析。我们的分子数据支持L. coon和L. doubledayi stat 的分离。修订版作为两个不同的物种，在系统发育分析中， L. rhodifer位于它们之间。翅膀形态和生殖器结构也证实了分子结论。我们的研究结果将L. coon分为两个占据不同地理范围的物种： L. coon仅限于苏门答腊岛南部、爪哇岛和巴韦安岛，而L. doubledayi广泛分布于从印度北部到苏门答腊岛北部的地区，包括海南和尼科巴群岛。因此，未来的保护工作必须重新评估这两个物种的现状和威胁因素，以制定更新的策略。