Prevalence and symptoms of most psychiatric and neurological disorders differ in men and women and there is substantial evidence that their neurobiological basis and treatment also differ by sex. This special issue sought to bring together a series of empirical papers and targeted reviews to highlight the diverse impact of sex in neuroscience and neuropsychopharmacology. This special issue emphasizes the diverse impact of sex in neuroscience and neuropsychopharmacology, including 9 review papers and 17 research articles highlighting investigation in different species (zebrafish, mice, rats, and humans). Each contribution covers scientific topics that overlap with genetics, endocrinology, cognition, behavioral neuroscience, neurology, and pharmacology. Investigating the extent to which sex differences can impact the brain and behavior is key to moving forward in neuroscience research.

中文翻译：

---

性在神经科学和神经心理药理学中很重要

男女大多数精神和神经系统疾病的患病率和症状有所不同，并且有充分的证据表明，它们的神经生物学基础和治疗方法也因性别而异。本期专刊旨在汇集一系列经验论文和针对性评论，以强调性在神经科学和神经心理药理学中的各种影响。本期专刊着重强调性在神经科学和神经心理药理学方面的不同影响，其中包括9篇评论文章和17篇研究文章，重点介绍了对不同物种（斑马鱼，小鼠，大鼠和人类）的研究。每篇著作都涵盖与遗传学，内分泌学，认知，行为神经科学，神经病学和药理学重叠的科学主题。