Early life relationships matter: Social position during early life predicts fitness among female spotted hyenas,Journal of Animal Ecology

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Early life relationships matter: Social position during early life predicts fitness among female spotted hyenas
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13282
Julie W Turner _{1,

2,

3} , Alec L Robitaille ₃ , Patrick S Bills ₄ , Kay E Holekamp _{1,

2}

Affiliation

How social development in early life affects fitness remains poorly understood. Though there is growing evidence that early-life relationships can affect fitness, little research has investigated how social positions develop or whether there are particularly important periods for social position development in an animal's life history. In long-lived species in particular, understanding the lasting consequences of early-life social environments requires detailed, long-term datasets. Here we used a 25-year dataset to test whether social positions held during early development predicted adult fitness. Specifically, we quantified social position using three social network metrics: degree, strength, and betweenness. We determined the social position of each individual in three types of networks during each of three stages of ontogeny to test whether they predict annual reproductive success (ARS) or longevity among adult female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). The social positions occupied by juvenile hyenas did predict their fitness, but the effects of social position on fitness measures differed between stages of early development. Network metrics when individuals were young adults better predicted ARS, but network metrics for younger animals, particularly when youngsters were confined to the communal den, better predicted longevity than did metrics assessed during other stages of development. Our study shows how multiple types of social bonds formed during multiple stages of social development predict lifetime fitness outcomes. We suggest that social bonds formed during specific phases of development may be more important than others when considering fitness outcomes.

中文翻译：

早期生活关系很重要：早期生活中的社会地位可预测雌性斑鬣狗的健康状况

早期社会发展如何影响健康仍然知之甚少。尽管越来越多的证据表明生命早期的关系会影响健康，但很少有研究调查社会地位是如何发展的，或者在动物的生活史中是否存在社会地位发展的特别重要时期。特别是在长寿物种中，了解早期社会环境的持久后果需要详细的长期数据集。在这里，我们使用了一个 25 年的数据集来测试早期发展过程中所持有的社会地位是否能预测成人健康。具体来说，我们使用三个社交网络指标来量化社会地位：程度、强度和介数。我们在个体发育的三个阶段中的每个阶段确定了三种类型网络中每个个体的社会地位，以测试它们是否预测成年雌性斑鬣狗 (Crocuta crocuta) 的年度繁殖成功 (ARS) 或寿命。幼年鬣狗所占据的社会地位确实可以预测它们的健康状况，但社会地位对健康措施的影响在早期发育阶段之间有所不同。当个体是年轻人时，网络指标可以更好地预测 ARS，但对于年轻动物的网络指标，尤其是当年轻人被限制在公共巢穴时，比在其他发育阶段评估的指标更能预测寿命。我们的研究显示了在社会发展的多个阶段形成的多种类型的社会纽带如何预测终生健康结果。

更新日期：2020-07-20

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