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Interspecific allometry for sexual shape dimorphism: Macroevolution of multivariate sexual phenotypes with application to Rensch's Rule
Evolution ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1111/evo.14049
Dean C Adams 1 , Elizabeth Glynne 1 , Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou 2
Affiliation  

Allometric trends in the degree of sexual dimorphism with body size have long fascinated evolutionary biologists. Many male‐biased clades display more prominent sexual dimorphism in larger taxa (Rensch's rule), with most examples documenting this pattern for body size dimorphism. Although sexual dimorphism in traits other than body size is equally functionally relevant, characterizing allometric patterns of sexual dimorphism in such traits is hampered by lack of an analytical framework that can accommodate multivariate phenotypes. In this article, we derive a multivariate equivalency for investigating trends in sexual dimorphism—relative to overall body size—across taxa and provide a generalized test to determine whether such allometric patterns correspond with Rensch's rule. For univariate linear traits such as body size, our approach yields equivalent results to those from standard procedures, but our test is also capable of detecting trends in multivariate datasets such as shape. Computer simulations reveal that the method displays appropriate statistical properties, and an empirical example in Mediterranean lizards provides the first demonstration of Rensch's rule in a multivariate phenotype (head shape). Our generalized procedure substantially extends the analytical toolkit for investigating macroevolutionary patterns of sexual dimorphism and seeking a better understanding of the processes that underlie them.

中文翻译:

性形状二态性的种间异速生长:多元性表型的宏观进化与 Rensch 规则的应用

性别二态性随体型变化的异速生长趋势长期以来一直让进化生物学家着迷。许多偏雄性进化枝在较大的分类群中表现出更突出的性别二态性(伦施规则),大多数例子都记录了这种体型二态性的模式。尽管体型以外的性状中的性别二态性在功能上同样相关,但由于缺乏可以适应多变量表型的分析框架,因此难以表征此类性状中性二态性的异速生长模式。在这篇文章中,我们推导出了一个多元等价性,用于调查跨分类群的性别二态性(相对于整体体型)的趋势,并提供一个广义测试来确定这种异速生长模式是否符合 Rensch 规则。对于单变量线性特征,例如体型,我们的方法产生与标准程序相同的结果,但我们的测试也能够检测多变量数据集中的趋势,例如形状。计算机模拟显示该方法显示了适当的统计特性,地中海蜥蜴的一个经验示例首次证明了多元表型(头部形状)中的伦施规则。我们的通用程序大大扩展了分析工具包,用于研究性二态性的宏观进化模式,并寻求更好地理解它们背后的过程。地中海蜥蜴的一个经验性例子首次证明了多元表型(头部形状)中的伦施规则。我们的通用程序大大扩展了分析工具包,用于研究性二态性的宏观进化模式,并寻求更好地理解它们背后的过程。地中海蜥蜴的一个经验性例子首次证明了多元表型(头部形状)中的伦施规则。我们的通用程序大大扩展了分析工具包,用于研究性二态性的宏观进化模式,并寻求更好地理解它们背后的过程。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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