The world is currently experiencing a global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which causes severe respiratory disease similar to SARS. Previous studies have suggested that SARS‐CoV‐2 shares 79% and 96% sequence identity to SARS‐CoV and to bat coronavirus RaTG13, respectively, at the whole‐genome level. Furthermore, a series of studies have shown that SARS‐CoV‐2 induces clusters of severe respiratory illnesses (i.e., pneumonia, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome) resembling SARS‐CoV. Moreover, the pathological syndrome may, in part, be caused by cytokine storms and dysregulated immune responses. Thus, in this work the recent literature surrounding the biology, clinical manifestations, and immunology of SARS‐CoV‐2 is summarized, with the aim of aiding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

中文翻译：

---

不断变化的冠状病毒：从 SARS-CoV 到 SARS-CoV-2。

目前，世界正在经历由新型冠状病毒——严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的全球大流行，它会引起与SARS类似的严重呼吸道疾病。先前的研究表明，SARS-CoV-2 在全基因组水平上与 SARS-CoV 和蝙蝠冠状病毒 RaTG13 分别具有 79% 和 96% 的序列同一性。此外，一系列研究表明，SARS-CoV-2 会诱发类似于 SARS-CoV 的一系列严重呼吸道疾病（即肺炎、急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合征）。此外，病理综合征可能部分是由细胞因子风暴和免疫反应失调引起的。因此，本文总结了有关 SARS-CoV-2 生物学、临床表现和免疫学的最新文献，旨在帮助预防、诊断和治疗 SARS-CoV-2 感染。