Abstract The increasing threat of terrorist attacks requires the protection of urban spaces. The protective function of currently available protection systems is often clearly visible, which can even increase the perceived threat. This is acceptable for temporary solutions, but in the long run it contradicts the idea of a modern and open society. For continuous use, new solutions should be considered that are not perceived as protective elements and unfold their protective potential inconspicuously. This includes elements of street furniture and landscape architecture. This paper addresses theoretical and experimental investigations on the protective potential of plants against blast loads. The aim of the study presented here was to quantify this protective potential for selected needle and leaf plants and to identify the decisive parameters that contribute to the pressure reduction in the event of an explosion. The results of the free-field explosion studies show that plants with certain properties can reduce the overpressure of blast waves by more than 40% compared to an unimpeded propagation. All examined plants achieved significant overpressure reductions in the close range behind the hedges. Especially thujens and yew trees reduced the peak overpressure by 39% to 45%. Furthermore, two numerical methods have been developed and successfully applied, with which the volume of the plants can be determined on the basis of point clouds from terrestrial laser scans. The two methods allow a mutual validation of the results. Thus, it is possible to prove a direct relationship between the growth density and the reduction of the peak overpressure by the plants. These results shall enable urban planners, landscape architects and engineers to specifically integrate plants into future protection concepts and enhance the resilience of urban areas in case of bomb attacks.

中文翻译：

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城市地区的创新保护——树篱减缓爆炸潜力的实验研究

摘要 恐怖袭击的威胁日益增加，需要对城市空间进行保护。当前可用的保护系统的保护功能通常是清晰可见的，这甚至会增加感知威胁。这对于临时解决方案是可以接受的，但从长远来看，它与现代开放社会的理念相矛盾。对于连续使用，应考虑新的解决方案，这些解决方案不会被视为保护元素，并且不会引人注意地发挥其保护潜力。这包括街道设施和景观建筑的元素。本文讨论了关于植物抵御爆炸载荷的保护潜力的理论和实验研究。此处介绍的研究的目的是量化所选针叶植物的这种保护潜力，并确定有助于在发生爆炸时降低压力的决定性参数。自由场爆炸研究的结果表明，与不受阻碍的传播相比，具有某些特性的植物可以将冲击波的超压降低 40% 以上。所有检查的工厂都在树篱后面的近距离范围内实现了显着的超压降低。特别是 thujens 和紫杉树将峰值超压降低了 39% 到 45%。此外，已经开发并成功应用了两种数值方法，利用这些方法可以根据地面激光扫描的点云确定植物的体积。这两种方法允许对结果进行相互验证。因此，可以证明生长密度与植物峰值超压降低之间存在直接关系。这些结果将使城市规划师、景观设计师和工程师能够将植物专门融入未来的保护概念，并增强城市地区在遭受炸弹袭击时的抵御能力。