Abstract The prevalence of gentrification and housing marketisation processes in many cities points to increasingly wealthy inner-city areas and potentially greater population segregation by income. It is plausible that these trends are contributing to regional accessibility inequalities, though quantitative research testing this link is limited. This paper examines differences in employment accessibility between Standard Occupational Classification groups in the London Metropolitan Region for 2011 for car, transit, bus only and walking modes. Additionally, changes in occupational class populations 2006–2016 are considered, revealing continuing inner-city gentrification. Employment accessibility is calculated using cumulative measures, based on travel times from multi-modal network modelling. The results show that while car accessibility is relatively equal between occupational classes, public transport, bus and walk accessibility have significant inequalities favouring professional classes. Low income groups have lower accessibility for the most affordable bus and walk modes, and inequalities are greater for residents in the wider metropolitan region. Furthermore, professional groups combine accessibility advantages with the highest rates of owner occupation, maximising housing wealth benefits. Lower income groups are exposed to rent increases, though this is offset by social housing, which remains the most prevalent tenure in Inner London for low income classes.

中文翻译：

---

适合富人的紧凑型城市？2011 年伦敦大都市区不同职业阶层之间的就业可及性不平等

摘要 许多城市中高档化和住房市场化进程的盛行表明，内城地区日益富裕，而且可能因收入而造成更大的人口隔离。这些趋势似乎是造成区域可及性不平等的原因，尽管检验这种联系的定量研究是有限的。本文研究了 2011 年伦敦都会区标准职业分类组之间在汽车、公共交通、仅公共汽车和步行模式方面的就业可及性差异。此外，还考虑了 2006 年至 2016 年职业阶层人口的变化，揭示了市中心的持续高档化。就业可达性是根据多模式网络建模的旅行时间，使用累积度量计算的。结果表明，虽然汽车可达性在职业阶层之间相对平等，但公共交通、公共汽车和步行可达性存在显着的不平等，有利于专业阶层。低收入群体对最经济实惠的公交车和步行方式的可达性较低，而更广泛的大都市区居民的不平等现象更为严重。此外，专业群体将可达性优势与最高业主入住率相结合，实现住房财富收益最大化。低收入群体面临租金上涨的风险，尽管这被社会住房所抵消，社会住房仍然是内伦敦低收入群体最普遍的住房。低收入群体对最经济实惠的公交车和步行方式的可达性较低，而更广泛的大都市区居民的不平等现象更为严重。此外，专业群体将可达性优势与最高业主入住率相结合，实现住房财富收益最大化。低收入群体面临租金上涨的风险，尽管这被社会住房所抵消，社会住房仍然是内伦敦低收入群体最普遍的住房。低收入群体对最经济实惠的公交车和步行方式的可达性较低，而更广泛的大都市区居民的不平等现象更为严重。此外，专业群体将可达性优势与最高业主入住率相结合，实现住房财富收益最大化。低收入群体面临租金上涨的风险，尽管这被社会住房所抵消，社会住房仍然是内伦敦低收入群体最普遍的住房。