Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising energy-storage technology, but a major technical issue is the shuttling of soluble polysulfides between electrodes, resulting in rapid capacity fading. In such case, phosphorus doped porous carbon spheres (P–C) material are designed and applied as both sulfur host material and separator modifier to mitigate the shuttling problem in Li–S batteries. The porous structure can physically intake polysulfides, and the same time, the phosphorus element can chemically interact with polysulfides. Based on the favourable combination of both physical adsorption and chemical anchoring, the assembled battery with as-prepared P–C materials acting as both sulfur host and separator modifier can achieve high utilization of active species and realize good cycling stability. Specifically, an initial capacity of 1430 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C and 650 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C is achieved, with outstanding cyclability and negligible capacity fading rate of 0.06% per cycle at 2 C even for 1000 cycles.

锂硫（Li–S）电池是很有前途的储能技术，但主要的技术问题是电极之间的可溶性多硫化物穿梭，导致容量快速衰减。在这种情况下，设计并使用掺磷多孔碳球（P–C）材料作为硫基质材料和隔板改性剂，以减轻Li–S电池的穿梭问题。多孔结构可以物理吸收多硫化物，同时磷元素可以与多硫化物化学相互作用。基于物理吸附和化学锚固的良好结合，组装好的电池材料既可以用作硫磺主体又可以用作隔板改性剂，同时使用制成的P–C材料，可以实现活性物质的高利用率并实现良好的循环稳定性。具体来说，初始容量为1430 mAh g^-1以0.1C和650毫安克^-1在5℃实现，以优异的循环性能和可忽略的容量在2 C甚至1000次循环衰落的每个周期0.06％速率。