3D printing techniques such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) have enabled the fabrication of complex geometry quickly and cheaply. Objects are produced by filling (a portion of) the 2D polygons of consecutive layers with contour-parallel extrusion toolpaths. Uniform width toolpaths consisting of inward offsets from the outline polygons produce over- and underfill regions in the center of the shape, which are especially detrimental to the mechanical performance of thin parts. In order to fill shapes with arbitrary diameter densely the toolpaths require adaptive width. Existing approaches for generating toolpaths with adaptive width result in a large variation in widths, which for some hardware systems is difficult to realize accurately. In this paper we present a framework which supports multiple schemes to generate toolpaths with adaptive width, by employing a function to decide the number of beads and their widths. Furthermore, we propose a novel scheme which reduces extreme bead widths, while limiting the number of altered toolpaths. We statistically validate the effectiveness of our framework and this novel scheme on a data set of representative 3D models, and physically validate it by developing a technique, called back pressure compensation, for off-the-shelf FDM systems to effectively realize adaptive width.

诸如熔融沉积建模（FDM）之类的3D打印技术能够快速，廉价地制造复杂的几何形状。通过使用轮廓平行的挤出工具路径填充连续层的2D多边形（的一部分）来生成对象。均匀宽度的刀具路径由轮廓多边形的向内偏移组成，会在形状的中心产生上溢和下溢区域，这特别不利于薄型零件的机械性能。为了密集地填充具有任意直径的形状，刀具路径需要自适应宽度。现有的用于生成具有自适应宽度的刀具路径的方法导致宽度变化很大，这对于某些硬件系统来说很难准确实现。在本文中，我们提出了一个框架，该框架支持多种方案以生成具有自适应宽度的刀具路径，通过使用一种功能来确定珠子的数量及其宽度。此外，我们提出了一种新颖的方案，可以减少极端的焊缝宽度，同时限制改变的刀具路径数量。我们在具有代表性的3D模型的数据集上统计验证我们的框架和这一新颖方案的有效性，并通过开发一种称为背压补偿，适用于现成的FDM系统，以有效地实现自适应宽度。