Abstract In this study, we developed a cement-based wireless sensing system for self-monitoring of concrete infrastructures in a railway environment. The cement-based sensor was developed by inserting electrodes into cement composites incorporating 1.0 vol% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as conductive fillers. We designed and fabricated a wireless signal transmission module that can be mounted/dismounted directly on/from the cement-based sensor and a wireless reception module that receives and saves wireless sensor signals. The wireless transmission/reception module was applied to the cement-based sensor, and sensing response during the cyclic compression test was compared with that in a wired environment. The sensing response and the gauge factor in the wireless environment were found to be very similar to those in the wired environment. The loss rate of wireless transmission data was tested according to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver to determine applicability in an actual railway environment. Based on the test results, the distance of stable wireless transmission was evaluated for the open space, railway station, and railway sleeper. When the developed cement-based wireless sensor is applied to the railway sleeper, the wireless sensing system is expected to be used up to 3.5 years when the battery needs to be replaced.

中文翻译：

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用于铁路混凝土基础设施自我监测的无线水泥基传感器

摘要 在这项研究中，我们开发了一种基于水泥的无线传感系统，用于铁路环境中混凝土基础设施的自我监测。该水泥基传感器是通过将电极插入水泥复合材料中开发的，该水泥复合材料包含 1.0 vol% 的多壁碳纳米管 (MWCNT) 作为导电填料。我们设计并制作了一个可以直接安装在水泥基传感器上/从水泥基传感器上拆卸的无线信号传输模块和一个接收和保存无线传感器信号的无线接收模块。将无线发射/接收模块应用于水泥基传感器，将循环压缩试验中的传感响应与有线环境下的传感响应进行比较。发现无线环境中的传感响应和规格因子与有线环境中的非常相似。根据发射机和接收机之间的距离来测试无线传输数据的丢失率，以确定在实际铁路环境中的适用性。根据测试结果，对空地、火车站、铁路卧铺等进行了无线稳定传输距离的评估。当开发的基于水泥的无线传感器应用于铁路枕木时，当需要更换电池时，无线传感系统预计可以使用长达3.5年。