Abstract Pollination services provided by managed honey bee and wild pollinators are essential for a range of crops. Pollination services can be measured as species-related services, which can be quantified by the combination of each species’ pollination efficiency and their abundance, as well as harvest-related services, which can be quantified by the pollinator exclusion method. Species-related pollination services are poorly documented and have never been directly compared to harvest-related services. Here, we aimed to quantify the pollination efficiency for common flower-visiting species of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and to scale it up to estimate pollination services. We assessed pollination efficiency by single-visit pollen deposition and visitation rate for common flower-visiting insect species. We monitored the abundance of these species during the entire flowering period across seven sites, where pollinator exclusion treatments were undertaken by caging. In total, we observed 27 flower-visiting species and calculated the pollination efficiency of 17 species. We found that flower-visiting species had different capabilities in transferring compatible pollen grains for two flower morphs and different visitation rates. The estimated pollination efficiency was highest for two honey bee species (Apis mellifera and A. cerana), followed by the hoverfly species (Eristalis tenax), and wasp species (Tiphia vernalis). Species-related pollination services estimated by pollination efficiency and abundance showed a strong positive relationship with harvest-related services, which were estimated by the pollinator exclusion method. Our results suggest that to achieve substantial pollination services for common buckwheat, it is important to maintain sufficient managed honey bees, particularly in areas lacking highly efficient wild pollinators species. Our study also suggests that it is possible to estimate pollination services by scaling up the pollination efficiency of common flower-visiting insects. We provide recommendations for the application of this technique.

中文翻译：

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访花昆虫授粉效率的量化及其在荞麦授粉服务评估中的应用

摘要 受管理的蜜蜂和野生授粉媒介提供的授粉服务对一系列作物而言必不可少。授粉服务可以衡量为与物种相关的服务，可以通过每个物种的授粉效率及其丰度的组合进行量化，以及与收获相关的服务，可以通过授粉媒介排除方法进行量化。与物种相关的授粉服务记录不足，从未直接与收获相关服务进行比较。在这里，我们旨在量化常见荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum）常见访花物种的授粉效率，并扩大其规模以估计授粉服务。我们通过单次访问花粉沉积和常见访花昆虫物种的访问率来评估授粉效率。我们在七个地点的整个开花期监测了这些物种的丰度，在这些地点通过笼养进行传粉媒介排除处理。我们总共观察了 27 种访花物种，并计算了 17 种的授粉效率。我们发现，访花物种在为两种花型和不同的访问率转移相容的花粉粒方面具有​​不同的能力。两种蜜蜂物种（Apis mellifera 和 A. cerana）的估计授粉效率最高，其次是食蚜蝇物种（Eristalis tenax）和黄蜂物种（Tiphia vernalis）。通过授粉效率和丰度估算的与物种相关的授粉服务与通过授粉媒介排除法估算的收获相关服务呈强正相关。我们的研究结果表明，要为普通荞麦实现大量的授粉服务，重要的是要保持足够的受管理蜜蜂，特别是在缺乏高效野生授粉物种的地区。我们的研究还表明，可以通过提高常见访花昆虫的授粉效率来估计授粉服务。我们为该技术的应用提供建议。