Recently, underwater wireless sensor networks were proposed to explore underwater environment for scientific, commercial and military purposes. However, the limited energy of nodes is a challenge for underwater wireless sensor networks. To prolong the lifetime of battery-limited underwater wireless sensor networks, in this paper, a fault-tolerant topology that can effectively extend the network lifetime is proposed. Initially, the influence of node residual energy and load on node lifetime is analysed. Later the lifetime model of underwater wireless sensor networks is established, and the value range of node load adjustment coefficient satisfying network lifetime is obtained. Finally, the scale-free fault-tolerant evolution model with network lifetime optimization is built based on node residual energy and load case. In addition, simulation experiments are performed to validate performances of the new topology generated by the evolution model built. The results show that the new topology structure can balance the energy consumption of the nodes and prolong the network lifetime effectively, and has good fault tolerance.

最近，提出了水下无线传感器网络以探索水下环境，以用于科学，商业和军事目的。然而，节点的有限能量对于水下无线传感器网络是一个挑战。为了延长电池受限的水下无线传感器网络的寿命，本文提出了一种可以有效延长网络寿命的容错拓扑。首先，分析了节点剩余能量和负载对节点寿命的影响。然后建立水下无线传感器网络的寿命模型，得到满足网络寿命的节点负载调整系数的取值范围。最后，基于节点剩余能量和负荷情况，建立了具有网络寿命优化的无标度容错进化模型。此外，进行仿真实验以验证由构建的演化模型生成的新拓扑的性能。结果表明，新的拓扑结构可以平衡节点的能量消耗，有效地延长网络寿命，具有良好的容错能力。