Business cost concern of solid adsorbents has motivated the production of porous activated carbons from waste biomass materials. In this work, three hierarchical porous activated carbons (HPAC) are obtained using hardwood alkali lignin (HPAC-H), sodium lignosulfonate (HPAC-L), and softwood alkali lignin (HPAC-S) as precursors and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as inorganic template and activation agent. their morphology and structure are characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the microscopic morphology of HPAC-H is rough surface with irregular pores and channels with uniform diameters; HPAC-L is hollow spheres of different sizes; and HPAC-S is solids particles with honeycomb pores. And they have a hierarchical porous structure with macro-meso-micropore. Moreover, HPAC-H exhibits the highest specific surface area (2852 m²·g⁻¹), the largest total pore volume (1.50 cm³·g⁻¹) and the highest oxygen content (10.61 at%) as compared to HAPC-L (2397 m²·g⁻¹, 1.37 cm³·g⁻¹, and 9.13 at%) and HAPC-S (2518 m²·g⁻¹, 1.41 cm³·g⁻¹, and 9.59 at%). In adsorption tests, the adsorption data of three activated carbons fits well with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The maximum methylene-blue (MB) adsorption capacity onto HPAC-H, HPAC-L, and HPAC-S calculated by Langmuir equation is 1671.66 mg·g⁻¹, 1182.84 mg·g⁻¹, and 1409.32 mg·g⁻¹, respectively. The excellent absorption capacity should be benefited from high surface area, the improved interconnected macro-meso-microporous framework and enriched surface functional groups. The obtained high-performance hierarchical porous activated carbons can afford a noteworthy potential for removing dye from wastewater.

对固体吸附剂的商业成本关注促使了由废弃生物质材料生产多孔活性炭。在这项工作中，使用硬木碱木质素（HPAC-H），木质素磺酸钠（HPAC-L）和软木碱木质素（HPAC-S）作为前体，并使用氢氧化钾（KOH）作为三层多孔活性炭（HPAC）。无机模板和活化剂。它们的形态和结构通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM），氮吸附/解吸等温线，X射线衍射光谱（XRD），傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），X射线光电子能谱（XPS）来表征。此外，HPAC-H的微观形态是粗糙的表面，具有不规则的孔和直径均匀的通道。HPAC-L是大小不同的空心球；HPAC-S是具有蜂窝孔的固体颗粒。并且它们具有具有宏观-中-微孔的分级多孔结构。此外，HPAC-H具有最高的比表面积（2852 m² ·克^-1），最大总孔体积（1.50厘米³ ·克^-1），并在％的最高氧含量（10.61）相比，增多症-L（2397米² ·克^-1，1.37厘米³ ·克^-1，和9.13原子％）和增多症-S（2518米² ·克^-1，1.41厘米³ ·克^-1，和9.59原子％）。在吸附测试中，三种活性炭的吸附数据与Langmuir和Freundlich方程非常吻合。最大亚甲基蓝（MB）吸附容量到HPAC-H，HPAC-L，和HPAC-S由朗缪尔公式计算是1671.66毫克·克^-1，1182.84毫克·克^-1和分别为1409.32 mg·g ^-1。优异的吸收能力应得益于高表面积，改进的相互连接的大中观-微孔骨架和丰富的表面官能团。所获得的高性能分级多孔活性炭可以提供从废水中去除染料的显着潜力。