Liu et al. proposed a multiparty quantum sealed auction scheme (Liu et al. Quantum Inf. Process., 15 (2), 869–879 2016 ). Compared with other schemes using entangled states as information carriers, their schemes only use single photons, which effectively reduces the consumption of quantum resources. But we find that there are some security problems and resource waste in this scheme. In order to overcome these problems, this paper puts forward some ideas for improvement. An arbitrator is introduced to make the scheme more secure and efficient.

中文翻译：

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多方量子密标拍卖的密码分析与改进

刘等人。提出了多方量子密封拍卖方案（Liu et al. Quantum Inf. Process., 15 (2), 869–879 2016）。与其他使用纠缠态作为信息载体的方案相比，他们的方案仅使用单光子，有效降低了量子资源的消耗。但是我们发现该方案存在一些安全问题和资源浪费。为了克服这些问题，本文提出了一些改进思路。引入仲裁器使方案更加安全和高效。