Design by contract is a software development methodology that uses contracts for defining interfaces among interacting components of a software system. Graph transformation system is used to specify the behavioral aspects of software components by defining the pre- and post-conditions of methods as contracts. In this paper, we focus on testing executable software models specified by a graph transformation system. A set of model-specific coverage criteria and a cost-aware search-based test generation approach are introduced. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed coverage criteria and the test generation approach, a type of mutation analysis is presented at the model level. Furthermore, a couple of fault-detection methods are used to assess the quality of the generated tests in the model-level mutation analysis. The proposed approach is implemented in GROOVE, a toolset for model checking graph transformation systems. The empirical results based on some well-known case studies demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of each proposed coverage criterion and testing approach. The comparison of the proposed test generation approach with state-of-the-art techniques indicates a significant improvement in terms of fault-detection capability and testing costs.

按合同设计是一种软件开发方法，它使用合同来定义软件系统的交互组件之间的接口。图转换系统用于通过将方法的前后条件定义为合同来指定软件组件的行为方面。在本文中，我们专注于测试由图形转换系统指定的可执行软件模型。介绍了一组特定于模型的覆盖标准和一种基于成本的基于搜索的测试生成方法。为了评估提议的覆盖标准和测试生成方法的有效性，在模型级别上提出了一种突变分析。此外，在模型级突变分析中，使用了两种故障检测方法来评估所生成测试的质量。提出的方法在GROOVE中实现，GROOVE是用于模型检查图形转换系统的工具集。基于一些著名案例研究的经验结果证明了每种提议的覆盖标准和测试方法的效率和可扩展性。所提出的测试生成方法与最新技术的比较表明，在故障检测能力和测试成本方面有了显着改善。