This paper quantifies the carbon emissions embodied in the bilateral trade between India from the non-Annex-I country list under the Kyoto Protocol (1997) with two of its biggest trade partners from the Annex-II country list, the USA and the UK, by applying the input–output modelling during the years of 2011 to 2014, to evaluate and analyse the conjecture around the carbon leakage . After the calculation of the embodied carbon in these bilateral exports and imports, the study further inspects the roles of important drivers those are influencing the calculated emission imbalances in trade. This study addresses a high emission-intensive energy consumption pattern of India relative to both the USA and the UK which is confirming the possibility of carbon leakage from Indian commodity production sectors and inducing a huge contribution from these bilateral trades into the global emissions. Finally, this study provides evidence from a spatial decomposition analysis that the differences among the emission - intensity of output between India and its major developed country trade partners create the maximum impact on the implied emission imbalances in the bilateral trades. With the anticipation of increased India–USA and the India–UK bilateral trade, this study proposes suggestion to reduce India’s emission intensity of output through fuel switching to the less emission-intensive energy options and relieve the pressure on the global environment.

中文翻译：

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解决印度与两个著名的附件二缔约方的双边贸易中包含的碳排放问题：通过投入-产出和空间分解分析

本文量化了《京都议定书》（1997 年）下的非附件 I 国家清单中印度与附件 II 国家清单中的两个最大贸易伙伴美国和英国之间双边贸易中的碳排放量，应用 2011 年至 2014 年期间的投入产出模型，对碳泄漏的猜想进行评估和分析。在计算这些双边进出口中的隐含碳之后，该研究进一步检查了影响计算的贸易排放不平衡的重要驱动因素的作用。本研究解决了印度相对于美国和英国的高排放密集型能源消费模式，这证实了印度商品生产部门存在碳泄漏的可能性，并导致这些双边贸易对全球排放量的巨大贡献。最后，本研究提供了空间分解分析的证据，即印度与其主要发达国家贸易伙伴之间的排放强度差异对双边贸易中隐含的排放不平衡产生了最大影响。随着印度-美国和印度-英国双边贸易增加的预期，