Protein tyrosine kinase (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs) collectively regulate the insect insulin-signaling pathway (ISP), cell growth, metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, cell communication and monitoring of immune responses. We studied the inhibitory response of the grasshopper Oedaleus asiaticus Bey-Bienko to treat with the flavonoid genistein (PTK inhibitor), the enzyme PTP1B-IN-1 (PTP1B inhibitor) and control (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). Mean survival rates were not significantly different amongst the three treatments, but growth rate, body mass, and overall biological performance were reduced significantly following treatment with genistein. On comparison, treatment with PTP1B-IN-1 was not significantly different from the control. Relative gene expression of INSR, IRS, PI3K, PDK, and Akt was substantially lower (P < 0.05) following treatment with genistein compared to PTP1B-IN-1 and control. Similarly, gene expression and protein phosphorylation levels of the PTK5, PTP1B → FOXO cascade, indicators of stress response in the ISP, were also reduced in response to genistein treatments. The activity of the protective enzymes (POD and CAT) was upregulated by FOXO in response to PTP1B-IN-1. Our results demonstrated that genistein negatively regulates the ISP pathway, with a consequent effect on growth and development of O. asiaticus, as higher energy was required for detoxification. Given the negative effect of genistein on O. asiaticus physiology and development, the compound could be used in a biopesticide formulation for insect pest control in grasslands and other crop plants as a potential application to grasshopper biological control.

中文翻译：

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金雀异黄素和PTP1B对蝗虫Oedaleus asiaticus发育的抑制作用。

蛋白质酪氨酸激酶（PTK）和蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶（PTP）共同调节昆虫胰岛素信号传导途径（ISP），细胞生长，代谢，增殖，分化，细胞通讯和免疫应答监测。我们研究了蚱蜢的抑制响应亚洲小车Bey的-Bienko治疗与类黄酮染料木黄酮（PTK抑制剂），酶PTP1B-IN-1（PTP1B抑制剂）和控制（二甲基亚砜（DMSO））。三种疗法之间的平均存活率没有显着差异，但是用染料木黄酮治疗后，生长速度，体重和整体生物学性能均明显降低。相比之下，用PTP1B-IN-1进行的处理与对照无显着差异。相对基因表达 用染料木黄酮处理后，INSR，IRS，PI3K，PDK和Akt显着低于PTP1B-IN-1和对照（P <0.05）。类似地，响应于染料木黄酮的处理，PTK5，PTP1B→FOXO级联的基因表达和蛋白质磷酸化水平（ISP中应激反应的指标）也降低了。响应PTP1B-IN-1，FOXO上调了保护酶（POD和CAT）的活性。我们的结果表明，金雀异黄素负调节ISP途径，从而对亚洲稻的生长和发育产生影响，因为排毒需要更高的能量。鉴于染料木黄酮对亚洲稻的负面影响 在生理和发展方面，该化合物可用于生物农药制剂中，以控制草原和其他农作物中的害虫，作为潜在的蝗虫生物防治应用。