Sol–gel-assisted spin coating technique has been employed to deposit Ce-doped cadmium oxide films (CdO) thin films on a glass substrate. Structural analysis carried out by XRD revealed that the films are polycrystalline and crystallize in a cubic structure. The preferential directions for the CdO growth are (2 0 0), and (2 1 0) and doping of Ce ions inhibits the growth. In addition to XRD, Raman analysis also supports the crystalline phase with no impurities. Using the Kramers–Kronig relations, the dispersion relation is evaluated from which the refractive index and the absorption coefficient were derived. The deposited doped and pure CdO films are highly transparent. The energy gap values of pure and doped CdO films are in the range of 2.2–4.2 eV, making them suitable for optoelectronic applications. The lower values of ‘ n ’ and ‘ k ’ are making the films most significant. The dielectric constant and nonlinear optical properties showed an increasing tendency on doping Ce ions into CdO films.

中文翻译：

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使用 Kramers-Kronig 关系详细研究纳米结构 Ce 掺杂 CdO 薄膜的光学线性和非线性

溶胶-凝胶辅助旋涂技术已被用于在玻璃基板上沉积 Ce 掺杂的氧化镉薄膜 (CdO) 薄膜。通过 XRD 进行的结构分析表明，薄膜是多晶的并以立方结构结晶。CdO生长的优先方向是(2 0 0)和(2 1 0)，Ce离子的掺杂抑制了生长。除了 XRD 之外，拉曼分析还支持不含杂质的结晶相。使用 Kramers-Kronig 关系，可以评估色散关系，从中导出折射率和吸收系数。沉积的掺杂和纯 CdO 薄膜是高度透明的。纯和掺杂 CdO 薄膜的能隙值在 2.2-4.2 eV 范围内，使其适用于光电应用。' n ' 和 ' k ' 的较低值使电影最重要。介电常数和非线性光学性质显示出将 Ce 离子掺杂到 CdO 薄膜中的趋势。