Injectable trace minerals (ITMs) could provide a potential alternative way of trace mineral delivery for sick animals. Therefore, evaluation of ameliorative potentials of ITMs (copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc) on the circulating Th1/Th2 cytokine misbalance in Theileria annulata–infected calves was aimed. Forty-three T. annulata-infected newborn calves were randomly allocated into four groups: buparvaquone alone–treated group (BUPA), buparvaquone + oxytetracycline (BUPA + OXY)-treated group, buparvaquone + injectable trace minerals (BUPA + ITMs)-treated group, and BUPA + OXY + ITM-treated group. Blood samples were collected from each of the calves before the start of therapy (day 0) and on day 14 post-therapy. Serum contents of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were estimated by bovine specific ELISA kits. On day 14 post-therapy, significant amelioration in the circulating levels of the studied cytokines was not observed in the calves treated with BUPA, while the calves treated with BUPA + OXY revealed significant (P ≤ 0.04) amelioration in the circulating tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level. The calves treated with BUPA + ITMs revealed significant (P ≤ 0.041) elevation in the circulating interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and significant (P ≤ 0.011) reduction in the interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. Moreover, the calves treated with BUPA + OXY + ITMs revealed significant reduction in TNF-α (P ≤ 0.0001) and IL-10 (P ≤ 0.012) contents, and significant elevation in IFN-γ (P ≤ 0.0002) content on day 14 post-therapy. None of the treated calve group revealed significant alteration in the circulating level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) on day 14 post-therapy. In conclusion, administration of ITMs to the therapeutic regimen of newborn calves with tropical theileriosis could be a promising therapeutic strategy. ITMs can be recommended for the amelioration of immunological misbalance due to tropical theileriosis in newborn calves.

可注射的微量矿物质（ITM）可以为患病动物提供潜在的微量矿物质输送方式。因此，旨在评估ITMs（铜，锰，硒和锌）对环化泰勒虫感染小牛中Th1 / Th2细胞因子失衡的改善潜力。四十三环感染的新生小牛随机分为四组：单独的丁巴喹酮治疗组（BUPA），丁巴醌和土霉素（BUPA + OXY）治疗组，丁巴醌+注射微量矿物质（BUPA + ITMs）治疗组以及BUPA + OXY + ITM治疗组。在治疗开始前（第0天）和治疗后第14天从每只小牛收集血样。通过牛特异性ELISA试剂盒评估促炎和抗炎细胞因子的血清含量。治疗后第14天，用BUPA处理的小牛未观察到研究细胞因子的循环水平有明显改善，而用BUPA + OXY处理的小牛表现出显着改善（P ≤0.04）改善循环肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。与BUPA + ITMS处理的小牛揭示显著（P  ≤0.041）在循环干扰素γ（IFN-γ）仰角和显著（P  ≤0.011）减少在白介素-10（IL-10）的水平。而且，随着BUPA + OXY + ITMS处理的小牛揭示了TNF-α减少显著（P  ≤0.0001）和IL-10（P 在IFN-γ≤0.012）内容，并且显著高程（P ≤0.0002）治疗后第14天的含量。在治疗后第14天，所有受治疗的小牛组均未显示出转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）循环水平的显着改变。总之，将ITMs用于热带小腿病的新生小牛的治疗方案可能是一种有前途的治疗策略。可以建议使用ITM来减轻新生儿犊牛热带回虫病所致的免疫失衡。