Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 superfamily, functions as an alarm signal, which is released upon cell injury or tissue damage to alert the immune system. It has emerged as a chief orchestrator in immunity and has a broad pleiotropic action that influences differentiation, maintenance and function of various immune cell types via the ST2 receptor. Although it has been strongly associated with immunopathology, critically, IL-33 is involved in host defence, tissue repair and homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the signalling pathway of IL-33 and highlight its regulatory functions in immune cells. Furthermore, we attempt a broader discussion of the emerging functions of IL-33 in host defence, tissue repair, metabolism, inflammatory disease and cancer, suggesting potential avenues to manoeuvre IL-33/ST2 signalling as treatment options.

中文翻译：

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白介素（IL）-33：抵抗宿主防御组织稳态的免疫力的协调者。

白细胞介素（IL）-33是IL-1超家族的成员，其功能是作为警报信号，在细胞受伤或组织损伤后释放，以提醒免疫系统。它已成为免疫的主要协调者，并具有广泛的多效性作用，可通过ST2受体影响各种免疫细胞类型的分化，维持和功能。尽管它与免疫病理学密切相关，但至关重要的是，IL-33参与了宿主防御，组织修复和体内平衡。在这篇综述中，我们提供了IL-33信号传导途径的概述，并突出了其在免疫细胞中的调节功能。此外，我们尝试更广泛地讨论IL-33在宿主防御，组织修复，新陈代谢，炎性疾病和癌症中的新兴功能，