Mycological investigation of various foods (mainly cowpea, groundnut, maize, rice, sorghum) and agricultural soils from two states in north-central Nigeria (Nasarawa and Niger), was conducted in order to understand the role of filamentous fungi in food contamination and public health. A total of 839 fungal isolates were recovered from 84% of the 250 food and all 30 soil samples. Preliminary identifications were made, based on macro- and micromorphological characters. Representative strains (n = 121) were studied in detail using morphology and DNA sequencing, involving genera/species-specific markers, while extrolite profiles using LC-MS/MS were obtained for a selection of strains. The representative strains grouped in seven genera (Aspergillus, Fusarium, Macrophomina, Meyerozyma, Neocosmospora, Neotestudina and Phoma). Amongst the 21 species that were isolated during this study was one novel species belonging to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, F. madaense sp. nov., obtained from groundnut and sorghum in Nasarawa state. The examined strains produced diverse extrolites, including several uncommon compounds: averantinmethylether in A. aflatoxiformans; aspergillimide in A. flavus; heptelidic acid in A. austwickii; desoxypaxillin, kotanin A and paspalitrems (A and B) in A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii and A. cerealis; aurasperon C, dimethylsulochrin, fellutanine A, methylorsellinic acid, nigragillin and pyrophen in A. brunneoviolaceus; cyclosporins (A, B, C and H) in A. niger; methylorsellinic acid, pyrophen and secalonic acid in A. piperis; aspulvinone E, fonsecin, kojic acid, kotanin A, malformin C, pyranonigrin and pyrophen in A. vadensis; and all compounds in F. madaense sp. nov., Meyerozyma, Neocosmospora and Neotestudina. This study provides snapshot data for prediction of food contamination and fungal biodiversity exploitation.

中文翻译：

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真菌的多样性和毒性，以及镰刀镰刀菌的描述。十一月 来自尼日利亚中北部的谷物，豆类和土壤。

为了了解丝状真菌在食品污染和公众环境中的作用，对尼日利亚中北部两个州的各种食品（主要是cow豆，花生，玉米，水稻，高粱）和农业土壤进行了真菌学调查。健康。从250种食物和所有30种土壤样品中的84％回收了总计839种真菌。根据宏观和微观形态特征进行了初步鉴定。使用形态学和DNA测序详细研究了代表性菌株（n = 121），涉及属/种特异性标记，同时使用LC-MS / MS获得了外泌体概况以选择菌株。代表性菌株分为七个属（曲霉属，镰刀菌属，巨光藻，肉毒杆菌，新孢子虫，新睾丸和Phoma）。在这项研究中分离出的21种物种中，一种属于镰刀镰刀菌（Fusarium fujikuroi）种复合体F. madaense sp。的新种。十一月，获自Nasarawa州的花生和高粱。被检查的菌株产生了不同的外泌体，包括几种不常见的化合物：黄曲霉中的阿维那丁甲醚；黄曲霉中的曲霉胺; Austwickii中的庚二酸；黄曲霉菌，Austwickii和A.谷物中的脱氧paxillin，kotanin A和paspalitrems（A和B）；A. brunneoviolaceus中的Aursperon C，二甲基磺胺甲壳素，氟尿嘧啶A，甲基奥来酸，黑麦草素和邻苯二酚；黑曲霉中的环孢菌素（A，B，C和H）; 胡椒曲霉中的甲基阿魏酸，吡苯酚和仲醛酸；vadensis中的aspulvinone E，fonsecin，曲酸，kotanin A，malformin C，pyranonigrin和pyrphen；以及F. madaense sp。中的所有化合物 十一月，Meyerozyma，Neocosmospora和Neotestudina。这项研究提供了快照数据，用于预测食物污染和真菌生物多样性的利用。