Haploid pluripotent stem cells, which are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into other cell types with only one set of chromosomes, have been established in several species from haploid embryos. Compared with diploid embryonic stem cells (ESCs), haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) are smaller in size, have a prolonged metaphase, and undergo self-doubling during culture. The monoallelic expression of haESCs provides great convenience for recessive inheritance research. Genetically modified haESCs also provide benefits in replacement of the gamete genomes, which not only facilitates the study of the function of imprinted genes but also potentially removes barriers to same-sex reproduction. In this review, we focus on strategies for obtaining haESCs and their potential applications in genetic screening, genomic imprinting, and unisexual reproduction.

中文翻译：

---

单倍体多能干细胞：在遗传筛选和繁殖方面付出一半的努力，带来双重好处。

单倍体多能干细胞能够自我更新并分化为仅具有一组染色体的其他细胞类型，已在来自单倍体胚胎的几个物种中建立。与二倍体胚胎干细胞 (ESCs) 相比，单倍体胚胎干细胞 (haESCs) 体积更小，中期更长，并且在培养过程中会自我倍增。haESCs 的单等位基因表达为隐性遗传研究提供了极大的便利。基因改造的 haESCs 还提供了替代配子基因组的好处，这不仅有助于研究印记基因的功能，还可能消除同性生殖的障碍。在这篇综述中，我们专注于获得 haESCs 的策略及其在遗传筛选、基因组印记、