Gambling disorder (GD) patients show excessively risky decision-making in the financial domain. We aimed to clarify whether GD patients show risky decision-making in domain-general or in domain-specific. Furthermore, we also investigated the effect of the well-known cognitive bias, the framing effect on GD's decision-making under risk. Sixty-two male GD patients and 74 age-matched healthy male controls (HC) conducted a risky choice task in which they should choose solutions for difficult situations between a sure and a risky option that had the same expectations. Six situations were prepared for each financial and health domain. For each domain, three situations were presented with options using positive frames, and the other three situations were presented with options using negative frames. The results showed that GD chose more risky options in the financial domain with positive frames than HC, but chose comparably in the financial domain with negative frames, whereas GD and HC chose comparably in the health domain regardless of the frames. Thus, GD showed risky decision-making in domain-specific. In addition, the results indicate the importance of considering the influence of the framing effect for assessment of risky decision-making by GD. Domains and the influence of the framing effect should be considered when decision-making patterns of neuropsychiatric disorders are studied.

中文翻译：

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赌博疾病对财务和健康问题的影响。

赌博性疾病（GD）患者在金融领域的决策风险过高。我们旨在阐明GD患者是在一般领域还是在特定领域表现出危险的决策。此外，我们还研究了著名的认知偏见的影响，即风险对GD决策的框架影响。62位男性GD患者和74位年龄相匹配的健康男性对照（HC）进行了风险选择任务，其中他们应该在具有相同期望的肯定和风险选择之间选择困难情况的解决方案。为每个财务和卫生领域准备了六种情况。对于每个域，使用正框架显示了三种情况的选项，使用负框架显示了其他三种情况的选项。结果表明，在具有正向框架的金融领域中，GD选择的风险选项比HC多，但在具有负向框架的金融领域中选择的风险同等，而无论框架如何，在健康领域，GD和HC均选择了风险。因此，GD在特定领域表现出风险决策。此外，结果表明，考虑框架效应对GD风险决策评估的重要性。在研究神经精神疾病的决策模式时，应考虑域效应和成帧效应的影响。GD显示特定领域的风险决策。此外，结果表明，考虑框架效应对GD风险决策评估的重要性。在研究神经精神疾病的决策模式时，应考虑域效应和成帧效应的影响。GD显示特定领域的风险决策。此外，结果表明，考虑框架效应对GD风险决策评估的重要性。在研究神经精神疾病的决策模式时，应考虑域效应和成帧效应的影响。