Abstract

Recently, COVID-19 has spread in more than 100 countries and regions around the world, raising grave global concerns. COVID-19 transmits mainly through respiratory droplets and close contacts, causing cluster infections. The symptoms are dominantly fever, fatigue, and dry cough, and can be complicated with tiredness, sore throat, and headache. A few patients have symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose, and diarrhea. The severe disease can progress rapidly into the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Next-generation sequencing (NGS) are the gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19. Chest imaging is used for cross validation. Chest CT is highly recommended as the preferred imaging diagnosis method for COVID-19 due to its high density and high spatial resolution. The common CT manifestation of COVID-19 includes multiple segmental ground glass opacities (GGOs) distributed dominantly in extrapulmonary/subpleural zones and along bronchovascular bundles with crazy paving sign and interlobular septal thickening and consolidation. Pleural effusion or mediastinal lymphadenopathy is rarely seen. In CT imaging, COVID-19 manifests differently in its various stages including the early stage, the progression (consolidation) stage, and the absorption stage. In its early stage, it manifests as scattered flaky GGOs in various sizes, dominated by peripheral pulmonary zone/subpleural distributions. In the progression state, GGOs increase in number and/or size, and lung consolidations may become visible. The main manifestation in the absorption stage is interstitial change of both lungs, such as fibrous cords and reticular opacities. Differentiation between COVID-19 pneumonia and other viral pneumonias are also analyzed. Thus, CT examination can help reduce false negatives of nucleic acid tests.

中文翻译：

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新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床和放射学特征。

摘要

近期，新冠肺炎（COVID-19）已在全球100多个国家和地区蔓延，引发全球严重担忧。COVID-19主要通过呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播，引起聚集性感染。症状主要是发烧、疲劳和干咳，并可能并发疲倦、喉咙痛和头痛。少数患者有鼻塞、流鼻涕、腹泻等症状。这种严重的疾病可以迅速发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）。逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 和新一代测序 (NGS) 是诊断 COVID-19 的黄金标准。胸部成像用于交叉验证。胸部CT因其高密度和高空间分辨率而被强烈推荐作为COVID-19的首选影像诊断方法。COVID-19常见的CT表现包括多发节段性磨玻璃影（GGO），主要分布在肺外/胸膜下区和沿支气管血管束，伴有疯狂铺路征和小叶间间隔增厚​​和实变。胸腔积液或纵隔淋巴结肿大很少见。在CT成像中，COVID-19在早期、进展（巩固）阶段和吸收阶段等各个阶段都有不同的表现。早期表现为散在的大小不一的片状GGO，以周围肺区/胸膜下分布为主。在进展状态下，GGO 的数量和/或大小增加，并且肺实变可能变得可见。吸收阶段主要表现为双肺间质改变，如纤维索、网状混浊等。还分析了 COVID-19 肺炎与其他病毒性肺炎的区别。因此，CT检查有助于减少核酸检测的假阴性。