Background:Availability of validated Parkinson’s disease (PD) questionnaires in languages spoken in Africa will enable the conduct of epidemiological studies. Objective:The aims of the current study were to develop cross-cultural translated and validated Arabic and French versions of a PD screeningquestionnaire, and determine its diagnostic accuracy for recognition of parkinsonism in early and moderate-advanced PD in three countries (Cameroon (French), Egypt (Arabic), and Nigeria (English)). Methods:This cross-sectional study screened159 participants (81 PD and 78 controls) using the PD screening questionnaire. The questionnaire was translated into Arabic and French versions using standard protocols. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans cognitive screen. Co-morbidity burden was documented using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. PD severity and stage were evaluated using the MDS Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale and the Hoehn and Yahr scale respectively. Results:Both PD patients and controls were matched regarding age, gender, education, and co-morbidity burden. The PD screening questionnaire scores were significantly higher in PD (median 8.0, IQR 6.0– 10.0) in contrast to controls (0.0; IQR 0.0– 0.0) (p < 0.0001), with a similar pattern and level of significance across all country sites. In ROC analysis, the questionnaire demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for PD overall, with an AUC of 0.992 (95% CI 0.981– 1.002). Conclusion:The Arabic, French, and English versions of this PD screening questionnaire are valid and accurate screening instruments for recognition of Parkinsonism. This paves the way for conducting epidemiological studies in many African countries.

中文翻译：

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三个非洲国家帕金森病筛查问卷的翻译、验证、诊断准确性和可靠性。

背景：以非洲语言编写的经过验证的帕金森病 (PD) 问卷的可用性将有助于开展流行病学研究。目的：本研究的目的是开发跨文化翻译和验证的 PD 筛查问卷的阿拉伯语和法语版本，并确定其在三个国家（喀麦隆（法国））识别早期和中晚期 PD 帕金森病的诊断准确性、埃及（阿拉伯语）和尼日利亚（英语））。方法：这项横断面研究使用 PD 筛查问卷对 159 名参与者（81 名 PD 和 78 名对照）进行了筛查。问卷使用标准协议翻译成阿拉伯语和法语版本。认知功能使用蒙特利尔认知评估和老年非洲人认知障碍识别和干预进行评估。使用查尔森合并症指数记录合并症负担。PD 严重程度和阶段分别使用 MDS 统一帕金森病评定量表和 Hoehn 和 Yahr 量表进行评估。结果：PD 患者和对照组在年龄、性别、教育和合并症负担方面均匹配。与对照组（0.0；IQR 0.0–0.0）（p < 0.0001）相比，PD 的 PD 筛查问卷得分显着更高（中位数 8.0，IQR 6.0–10.0），所有国家/地区站点的模式和显着性水平相似。在 ROC 分析中，问卷总体上显示出对 PD 的高诊断准确性，AUC 为 0.992（95% CI 0.981–1.002）。结论：此 PD 筛查问卷的阿拉伯语、法语和英语版本是识别帕金森病的有效且准确的筛查工具。这为在许多非洲国家开展流行病学研究铺平了道路。