Adipokines emerged as regulators of metabolism and inflammation in several scenarios. This study evaluated the relationship between adipokines (adiponectin, chemerin and visfatin) and cytological (subclinical) endometritis, by comparing healthy (without), transient (recovered by 45 days postpartum (DPP)) and persistent (until 45 DPP) endometritis cows (n = 49). Cows with persistent endometritis had higher adiponectin concentrations in plasma (at 21 DPP, P < 0.05 and at 45 DPP, P < 0.01) and in uterine fluid (at 45 DPP, P < 0.001), and higher chemerin concentrations in plasma (P < 0.05) and uterine fluid (P < 0.01) at 45 DPP than healthy cows. Cows with persistent endometritis had higher gene transcription in the cellular pellet of uterine fluid and protein expression in the endometrium of these adipokines and their receptors than healthy cows. Adiponectin plasma concentrations allowed to discriminate healthy from persistent endometritis cows, in 87% (21 DPP) and 98% (45 DPP) of cases, and adiponectin and chemerin uterine fluid concentrations at 45 DPP allowed for this discrimination in 100% of cases. Cows with concentrations above the cutoff were a minimum of 3.5 (plasma 21 DPP), 20.4 (plasma 45 DPP), and 33.3 (uterine fluid 45 DPP) times more at risk of evidencing persistent endometritis at 45 DPP than cows with concentrations below the cutoff. Overall, results indicate a relationship between adipokine signalling and the inflammatory status of the postpartum uterus of dairy cows, evidencing that adipokines represent suitable biomarkers of subclinical endometritis, able to predict the risk of persistence of inflammation.

中文翻译：

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脂肪因子作为奶牛产后亚临床子宫内膜炎的生物标志物

在多种情况下，脂肪因子成为代谢和炎症的调节剂。本研究通过比较健康（无）、暂时性（产后 45 天恢复 (DPP)）和持续性（直至 45 DPP）子宫内膜炎奶牛（n = 49）。患有持续性子宫内膜炎的奶牛在血浆（21 DPP，P < 0.05 和 45 DPP，P < 0.01）和子宫液（45 DPP，P < 0.001）中具有更高的脂联素浓度，以及血浆中更高的凯莫瑞浓度（P < 0.001） 0.05) 和子宫液 (P < 0.01) 在 45 DPP 比健康奶牛。与健康奶牛相比，患有持续性子宫内膜炎的奶牛在子宫液的细胞沉淀中具有更高的基因转录以及这些脂肪因子及其受体在子宫内膜中的蛋白质表达。在 87% (21 DPP) 和 98% (45 DPP) 的病例中，脂联素血浆浓度允许区分健康奶牛和持续性子宫内膜炎奶牛，45 DPP 的脂联素和凯莫瑞子宫液浓度允许在 100% 的病例中进行这种区分。与浓度低于临界值的奶牛相比，浓度高于临界值的奶牛在 45 DPP 证明持续性子宫内膜炎的风险至少高 3.5（血浆 21 DPP）、20.4（血浆 45 DPP）和 33.3（子宫液 45 DPP）倍. 总体而言，结果表明脂肪因子信号与奶牛产后子宫的炎症状态之间存在关系，