Background: Taxus is a valuable woody species with important medicinal value. The bark of Taxus can produce taxol, a natural antineoplastic drug that is widely used in the treatment of breast, ovarian and lung cancers. However, the low content of taxol in the bark of Taxus can not meet the growing clinical demands, so the current research aims at finding ways to increase taxol production.

Objective: In this review, the research progress of taxol including the factors affecting the taxol content, biosynthesis pathway of taxol, production of taxol in vitro and the application of multi-omics approaches in Taxus as well as future research prospects will be discussed.

Results: The taxol content is not only dependent on the species, age and tissues but is also affected by light, moisture levels, temperature, soil fertility and microbes. Most of the enzymes in the taxol biosynthesis pathway have been identified and characterized. Total chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis, plant cell culture and biosynthesis in endophytic fungi have been explored to product taxol. Multi-omics have been used to study Taxus and taxol.

Conclusion: Further efforts in the identification of unknown enzymes in the taxol biosynthesis pathway, establishment of the genetic transformation system in Taxus and the regulatory mechanism of taxol biosynthesis and Taxus cell growth will play a significant role in improving the yield of taxol in Taxus cells and plants.

背景：红豆杉是具有重要药用价值的珍贵木本物种。红豆杉的树皮可以产生紫杉醇，一种天然的抗肿瘤药，广泛用于治疗乳腺癌，卵巢癌和肺癌。然而，红豆杉树皮中紫杉醇含量低无法满足日益增长的临床需求，因此目前的研究旨在寻找增加紫杉醇产量的方法。

目的：综述紫杉醇的研究进展，包括影响紫杉醇含量，紫杉醇生物合成途径，紫杉醇体外生产，多组学方法在紫杉中的应用等因素，以及今后的研究前景。

结果：紫杉醇的含量不仅取决于物种，年龄和组织，还受光照，水分含量，温度，土壤肥力和微生物的影响。紫杉醇生物合成途径中的大多数酶已被鉴定和表征。已经探索了内生真菌中的总化学合成，半合成，植物细胞培养和生物合成以生产紫杉酚。多组学已用于研究红豆杉和紫杉醇。

结论：进一步鉴定紫杉醇生物合成途径中的未知酶，建立紫杉遗传转化系统以及紫杉醇生物合成和紫杉细胞生长的调控机制将在提高紫杉细胞和紫杉细胞产量方面发挥重要作用。植物。