Yeast has been a robust platform to manufacture a broad range of biofuels, commodity chemicals, natural products and pharmaceuticals. The membrane-bound organelles in yeast provide us the means to access the specialized metabolism for various biosynthetic applications. The separation and compartmentalization of genetic and metabolic events presents us the opportunity to precisely control and program gene expression for higher order biological functions. To further advance yeast synthetic biology platform, genetically encoded biosensors and actuators haven been engineered for in vivo monitoring and controlling cellular processes with spatiotemporal resolutions. The dynamic response, sensitivity and operational range of these genetically encoded sensors are determined by the regulatory architecture, dynamic assemly and interactions of the related proteins and genetic elements. This review provides an update of the basic design principles underlying the allosteric transcription factors, GPCR and optogenetics-based sensors, aiming to precisely analyze and control yeast cellular processes for various biotechnological applications.

中文翻译：

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基因编码的生物传感器，用于分析和控制酵母中的细胞过程。

酵母菌是生产各种生物燃料，商品化学品，天然产物和药品的强大平台。酵母中与细胞膜结合的细胞器为我们提供了一种途径，可以为各种生物合成应用提供专门的代谢途径。遗传和代谢事件的分离和划分为我们提供了精确控制和编程基因表达以实现更高阶生物学功能的机会。为了进一步推进酵母合成生物学平台，已经设计了遗传编码的生物传感器和致动器，以用于以时空分辨率进行体内监测和控制细胞过程。这些基因编码传感器的动态响应，灵敏度和操作范围由法规架构决定，动态装配以及相关蛋白质和遗传元件的相互作用。这篇综述提供了基于变构转录因子，GPCR和基于光遗传学的传感器的基本设计原理的更新，旨在为各种生物技术应用精确分析和控制酵母细胞过程。