Problem gambling has been linked to impairments in decision-making under uncertainty. Problem gamblers are more likely to favor high-risk, high-reward, and short-term gains over more advantageous choice alternatives, and this preference has been linked to impaired learning about decision outcomes. In this paper we link specific learning processes in decision-making to specific harms related to problem gambling. We asked a group of 140 casual gamblers to 1) perform a canonical decision-making task (the Iowa Gambling Task) online, and 2) to complete a self-report survey (the GamTest) designed to measure self-perceived harm caused by their gambling. We used a reinforcement learning model to explain individual differences in the decision task, and related individuals' model parameters to the specific problem areas reported using the questionnaire. We found that people who learned more from gains than from losses on the task were more likely to report overall gambling problems, and problems specifically related to money. We also found that people whose learning was more driven by the frequency of rewards were more likely to report problems related to the amount of time spent gambling, as well as social problems. We discuss possible psychological and neural processes mediating learning and gambling related harms, and we discuss the relevance of our approach to the diagnosis of problem gambling and its consequences.

中文翻译：

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决策过程中学习的个体差异可能会预测与赌博相关的特定伤害。

问题赌博与不确定性下的决策障碍有关。问题赌徒比更有利的选择方案更有可能偏向于高风险，高回报和短期的收益，而且这种偏好已与对决策结果的学习障碍有关。在本文中，我们将决策中的特定学习过程与与问题赌博相关的特定危害联系起来。我们要求140名休闲赌徒进行以下工作：1）在线执行规范的决策任务（爱荷华州赌博任务），以及2）完成一项自我报告调查（GamTest），旨在测量他们的自我感知伤害赌博。我们使用强化学习模型来解释决策任务中的个体差异，并使用问卷向相关特定问题领域的相关个体模型参数进行解释。我们发现，从任务中获得的收益多于损失的人们更有可能报告整体赌博问题，尤其是与金钱有关的问题。我们还发现，受奖励频率驱动更多学习的人更有可能报告与赌博时间相关的问题以及社会问题。我们讨论了可能的心理和神经过程，介导了学习和赌博相关的危害，并讨论了我们的方法对问题赌博及其后果的诊断的相关性。我们还发现，学习程度受奖励频率影响更大的人更有可能报告与赌博时间相关的问题以及社会问题。我们讨论了可能的心理和神经过程，介导了学习和赌博相关的危害，并讨论了我们的方法对问题赌博及其后果的诊断的相关性。我们还发现，受奖励频率驱动更多学习的人更有可能报告与赌博时间相关的问题以及社会问题。我们讨论了可能的心理和神经过程，介导了学习和赌博相关的危害，并讨论了我们的方法对问题赌博及其后果的诊断的相关性。