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Breakthrough concepts in immune-oncology: Cancer vaccines at the bedside.
Journal of Leukocyte Biology ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 , DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5bt0420-585rr
Sohini Roy 1 , Tarsheen K Sethi 2 , David Taylor 1 , Young J Kim 1 , Douglas B Johnson 2
Affiliation  

Clinical approval of the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) agents for multiple cancer types has reinvigorated the long‐standing work on cancer vaccines. In the pre‐ICB era, clinical efforts focused on the Ag, the adjuvants, the formulation, and the mode of delivery. These translational efforts on therapeutic vaccines range from cell‐based (e.g., dendritic cells vaccine Sipuleucel‐T) to DNA/RNA‐based platforms with various formulations (liposome), vectors (Listeria monocytogenes), or modes of delivery (intratumoral, gene gun, etc.). Despite promising preclinical results, cancer vaccine trials without ICB have historically shown little clinical activity. With the anticipation and expansion of combinatorial immunotherapeutic trials with ICB, the cancer vaccine field has entered the personalized medicine arena with recent advances in immunogenic neoantigen‐based vaccines. In this article, we review the literature to organize the different cancer vaccines in the clinical space, and we will discuss their advantages, limits, and recent progress to overcome their challenges. Furthermore, we will also discuss recent preclinical advances and clinical strategies to combine vaccines with checkpoint blockade to improve therapeutic outcome and present a translational perspective on future directions.

中文翻译:

免疫肿瘤学的突破性概念:床边的癌症疫苗。

多种癌症类型的免疫检查点阻断剂(ICB)的临床批准,重新激发了长期开展的癌症疫苗研究的活力。在ICB之前的时代,临床工作集中在Ag,佐剂,制剂和给药方式上。这些针对治疗性疫苗的翻译工作从基于细胞的(例如树突状细胞疫苗Sipuleucel-T)到具有各种配方(脂质体),载体(单核细胞增生李斯特菌)的基于DNA / RNA的平台)或分娩方式(瘤内,基因枪等)。尽管有令人鼓舞的临床前结果,但没有ICB的癌症疫苗试验历来显示很少有临床活动。随着人们对ICB组合免疫治疗试验的期待和扩展,随着基于免疫原性新抗原的疫苗的最新发展,癌症疫苗领域进入了个性化医学领域。在本文中,我们回顾了在临床领域中组织不同癌症疫苗的文献,并将讨论它们的优势,局限性以及克服其挑战的最新进展。此外,我们还将讨论将疫苗与检查点封锁相结合以改善治疗效果的近期临床前进展和临床策略,并就未来方向提出翻译观点。
更新日期:2020-06-18
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