The study aimed to assess the levels of trace elements, minerals, and toxic elements as well as lipid peroxidation biomarkers (lipid acyl hydroperoxides, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) in the blood of children with chronic fluorosis from endemic fluorosis areas (Sosnivka village, Lviv region, western Ukraine). The results were compared with healthy children from Staryi Sambir (Lviv region, western Ukraine), whose drinking water contained permissible levels (< 1 ppm) of fluoride. Thirty-one children from the Sosnivka village in the Lviv region, including 16 females and 15 males aged 7-10 years, with clinically diagnosed fluorosis, were recruited for the study. The children had been exposed to fluoride (> 1.5 ppm) through drinking water for more than 5 years. In the blood, eight macro- and microelements (calcium, zinc, potassium, iron, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium), five additional elements (sulfur, bromine, chlorine, nickel, strontium), and four toxic elements (lead, mercury, cadmium, mercury) were assessed with the X-ray fluorescence method. The results of our study demonstrated a 14-fold decrease in the copper level, a 2.5-fold decrease in the calcium and zinc levels, and a 2-fold decrease in the selenium level in the blood of children with chronic fluorosis compared with the healthy children from the non-fluorosis area. In turn, a 1.7- and 1.4-fold increase in the strontium and lead content, respectively, was noted. The sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, and selenium levels in the blood samples of children with chronic fluorosis were lower than the reference value. The children had higher blood TBARS levels, while the acyl hydroperoxide levels were non-significantly increased in comparison with healthy children living in the non-fluorosis area. Additionally, the bromine level was correlated positively with the selenium level and acyl hydroperoxides. However, more studies are needed to clarify the relationship between blood mineral status, oxidative stress biomarkers, and chronic fluorosis.

中文翻译：

---

地方性氟中毒儿童血液中的元素状态和脂质过氧化。


该研究旨在评估氟中毒地区慢性氟中毒儿童血液中微量元素、矿物质和有毒元素以及脂质过氧化生物标志物（脂酰氢过氧化物、2-硫代巴比妥酸反应物质（TBARS））的水平。乌克兰西部利沃夫地区索斯尼夫卡村）。研究结果与来自斯塔伊桑比尔（乌克兰西部利沃夫地区）的健康儿童进行了比较，他们的饮用水中氟化物含量达到允许水平（< 1 ppm）。这项研究招募了来自利沃夫地区索斯尼夫卡村的 31 名儿童，其中包括 16 名女性和 15 名男性，年龄为 7 至 10 岁，临床诊断为氟中毒。这些儿童通过饮用水接触氟化物（> 1.5 ppm）已超过 5 年。血液中含有八种常量和微量元素（钙、锌、钾、铁、铜、硒、锰、铬）、五种附加元素（硫、溴、氯、镍、锶）和四种有毒元素（铅、汞） 、镉、汞）用X射线荧光法进行评估。我们的研究结果表明，与健康儿童相比，慢性氟中毒儿童血液中的铜含量降低了14倍，钙和锌含量降低了2.5倍，硒含量降低了2倍来自非氟中毒地区的儿童。反过来，锶和铅的含量分别增加了 1.7 倍和 1.4 倍。慢性氟中毒儿童血样中硫、氯、钾、钙、铜、锌、硒含量均低于参考值。 与非氟中毒地区的健康儿童相比，这些儿童的血液TBARS水平较高，而酰基过氧化氢水平无显着升高。此外，溴水平与硒水平和酰基氢过氧化物呈正相关。然而，需要更多的研究来阐明血液矿物质状态、氧化应激生物标志物和慢性氟中毒之间的关系。