Prior research from trapping experiments using synthetic pheromone components suggested the existence of local and geographical variation in the pheromone system of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby). To test hypotheses concerning variation in the spruce beetle’s aggregation pheromone blend, we extracted volatiles from the hindguts of individual spruce beetles sampled from sites in eastern Canada (Nova Scotia and Newfoundland) and western Canada (British Columbia and Alberta) and quantified the amounts of four known aggregation pheromone components within each sample. Chiral analyses were performed on a subset of samples. Frontalin (1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane) was more dominant in western Canada, whereas MCOL (1-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol) and seudenol (3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol) were more dominant in the east. Verbenene (4-methylene-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene) was prevalent only in one of our six sites (Rocky Mountain House, AB). Female beetles in Rocky Mountain House (AB) also produced a higher proportion of (+)-frontalin than females from the other sites, and a comparison to previously published data suggests additional geographic variation that was not captured among our sites. When paired with a male in a gallery, female spruce beetles produced pheromone blends with more frontalin and less MCOL compared to solitary female beetles. Our results show that variation in the spruce beetle’s pheromone blend exists at both large and small spatial scales, possibly a consequence of local selective pressures and assortative mating.

中文翻译：

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云杉甲虫，Dendroctonus rufipennis（鞘翅目：Curculionidae）的聚集信息素混合物中的局部，地理和背景差异。

使用合成的信息素成分进行的诱捕实验的先前研究表明，云杉甲虫Dendroctonus rufipennis的信息素系统中存在局部和地理变异（柯比）为了测试有关云杉甲虫聚集信息素混合物变化的假设，我们从加拿大东部（新斯科舍省和纽芬兰）和加拿大西部（不列颠哥伦比亚省和艾伯塔省）的地点采样的单个云杉甲虫的后肠中提取了挥发物，并定量了四种每个样品中已知的聚集信息素成分。对一部分样品进行了手性分析。Frontalin（1,5-二甲基-6,8-dioxabicyclocyclo [3.2.1]辛烷）在加拿大西部占主导地位，而MCOL（1-甲基-2-环己烯-1-醇）和seudenol（3-甲基-2 -cyclohexen-1-ol）在东部更为占优势。马来烯（4-亚甲基-6,6-二甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯）仅在我们的六个地点之一（AB Rocky Mountain House）中盛行。与其他地点的雌性相比，落基山庄（AB）的雌性甲虫产生的（+）-额叶蛋白比例也更高，与以前发表的数据进行比较表明，我们的地点之间未捕获到其他地理变异。与画廊中的雄性配对时，雌性云杉甲虫比单独的雌性甲虫产生的信息素混合物具有更多的额叶蛋白和更少的MCOL。我们的结果表明，云杉甲虫的信息素混合物的变化在大小空间上都存在，这可能是局部选择压力和分类交配的结果。与单独的雌性甲虫相比，雌性云杉甲虫产生的信息素混合物具有更多的额叶蛋白和更少的MCOL。我们的结果表明，云杉甲虫的信息素混合物的变化在大小空间上都存在，这可能是局部选择压力和分类交配的结果。与单独的雌性甲虫相比，雌性云杉甲虫产生的信息素混合物具有更多的额叶蛋白和更少的MCOL。我们的结果表明，云杉甲虫的信息素混合物的变化在大小空间上都存在，这可能是局部选择压力和分类交配的结果。