Allogeneic hematopoietic cell-transplant (alloHCT) recipients are at increased risk of complications from viral respiratory-tract infections (vRTIs). We measured cytokine concentrations in nasal washes (NWs) from pediatric alloHCT recipients to better understand their local response to vRTI. Forty-one immunologic analytes were measured in 70 NWs, collected during and after vRTI, from 15 alloHCT recipients (median age, 11 yr) with 19 episodes of vRTI. These were compared with NW cytokine concentrations from an independent group of otherwise healthy patients. AlloHCT recipients are able to produce a local response to vRTI and produce IFN-α2 and IL-12p40 in significant quantities above an uninfected baseline early in infection. Compared with otherwise healthy comparator-group patients, alloHCT recipients have higher NW concentrations of IL-4 when challenged with vRTI. Further study of these immunologic analytes as well as of type 1 versus type 2 balance in the respiratory mucosa in the context of vRTI during immune reconstitution may be of future research interest in this vulnerable patient population.

同种异体造血细胞移植 (alloHCT) 受者出现病毒性呼吸道感染 (vRTI) 并发症的风险增加。我们测量了儿科 alloHCT 接受者的鼻腔冲洗液 (NW) 中的细胞因子浓度，以更好地了解他们对 vRTI 的局部反应。在 vRTI 期间和之后收集的 70 个 NW 中测量了 41 种免疫分析物，来自 15 名 alloHCT 接受者（中位年龄为 11 岁），有 19 次 vRTI。这些与来自其他健康患者的独立组的 NW 细胞因子浓度进行了比较。AlloHCT 接受者能够对 vRTI 产生局部反应，并在感染早期产生大量高于未感染基线的 IFN-α2 和 IL-12p40。与其他方面健康的对照组患者相比，alloHCT 接受者在接受 vRTI 攻击时具有更高的 NW 浓度的 IL-4。对这些免疫分析物以及免疫重建期间 vRTI 背景下呼吸道粘膜中 1 型与 2 型平衡的进一步研究可能对这一易受伤害的患者群体具有未来的研究兴趣。